This publication presents the results of over 30 years of investigation into Roman Godmanchester, (Cambridgeshire), by Michael Green. The book accurately locates the 25 'sites' investigated, and pinpoints the trenches against the modern street layout. Although some sites covered large areas, many often had to be conducted as small trenches undertaken by volunteers. The origins for Durovigutum include evidence for Iron Age settlement which preceded two Roman forts during the 1st century AD.

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Contents
• Acknowledgements
  • Preface
    • Notes on the edited volume
    • General context
  • Foreword
• PART 1
• ROMAN GODMANCHESTER
  • Chapter 1
    • Introduction
      • Geological and topographical context
      • Iron Age occupation
      • Strategic setting
      • Roman occupation: six chronological sub-divisions
      • The Sites
        • Site 1: No. 2 and Nos 5-6 Pinfold Lane (1949-1972), Granary Close (1969-70, 1974-1975)
          • Nos 2 and 5-6 Pinfold Lane (1949-1972) ECB 636, 690, 691, 2818; HER00883; TL 2460/7037
          • Granary Close (1974-1975)
        • Site 3: Pipers Lane (1959-1961)
          • Court Hall (1963-1964)
          • Pinfold Lane, West End (1956)
          • The Maltings (1976)
        • Site 5: Stiles I, Nos 8-10 Pinfold Lane (1971)
        • Site 6: Stiles II-III, Nos 4-5 Pinfold Lane (1971, 1975)
        • Site 7: Nos 57-58 Cambridge Street and St Ann’s Lane (1972)
        • Site 8: No. 10 Pipers Lane (1973-1974, 1986)
        • Site 10: No. 24 Earning Street (1973)
        • Site 9: Cow Lane/A14 By-pass, Cambridge Road (1973)
        • Site 11: The Gables, No. 5 Earning Street (1972)
        • Site 12: No. 44 Post Street (1973)
        • Site 13: Unigate, Earning Street (1974)
        • Site 14: No. 18 London Road (1974)
        • Site 15: No. 42 Cambridge Street (1975)
        • Site 16: Rectory Farm (1975)
        • Site 17: Park Lane (1976-1977)
        • Site 18: No. 5 New Street, The Stiles IV (1977); No. 8 New Street, The Stiles V (1978)
          • No. 5 New Street, The Stiles IV, 1977 (Figure 1.36)
          • No. 8 New Street, The Stiles V (1978) (Figure 1.37)
        • Site 20: No. 8a London Road (1978-1979)
        • Site 21: Cow Lane (1979)
        • Site 22: Old School, St Ann’s Lane (1979, 1985-86)
        • Site 23: West Street (1979, 1981)
        • Site 24: Fox Grove, 33 Rectory Gardens (1980)
        • Site 25: Nos 6-7-8 St Ann’s Lane (1981)
      • Godmanchester: Antiquarian Excavations and Notes
        • The Sites
  • Chapter 2
    • Chronological and Thematic Summary of the Town
  • Chapter 3
    • The forts, road network, and town development
      • The Claudian Fort
      • The Second Fort
        • Ermine Street
        • The Sandy Road
        • ‘Via Devana’
      • The Flavian Settlement
        • Town Planning
      • The Flavian Town
      • Population growth in the 2nd century
      • The Antonine Town
      • The 3rd Century Town
        • Road layout
        • The Caracallan Vicus
        • Fire and sword
        • Market place
        • Population contraction
      • The Town’s Walled Defences and Gateways
        • The South Gate 3rd century
        • Town Walls
      • The 4th Century Town: The Theodosian Revival
      • The Town in the 5th Century
  • Chapter 4
    • Public Buildings and cemeteries
      • Public Buildings
        • The Basilica
        • The Mansio
        • The Shrine of Abandinus
          • Temple 1
          • Temple 2
          • Temple 3
        • Piper’s Lane Shrine
          • Temple 1
          • Temple 2
          • A Rural Temple
      • Burial Customs
        • Park Lane Inhumation Burials
        • Post Street Cremation Burials
  • Chapter 5
    • The Town: The Economic Base
      • Farmsteads
      • Pastoral economy
      • Cheese-making
        • Hard Cheeses
        • Soft Cheeses
        • Straining
        • Dairy Processes
        • Egg Production
      • White meat industry
        • Fictile equipment
        • Milk Production
      • Brewing and Drinking
        • The Mansio Brewery (Figure 4.1)
          • Phase 1 AD120-300 (Figure 4.1)
      • Vessel Glass
        • Types of glassware
          • The glass shop stock
          • The Roman glass shop
          • The mansio glassware (Figure 5.6)
        • The use of wine services
        • Patterns of deposition
      • Metal working and pottery repair
      • Samian repair workshop and typology of imported wares
      • Pottery manufacture
  • Chapter 6
    • The Economic Basis of the Rural Hinterland
      • Agriculture
      • The extra-mural villas
      • The Agricultural Basis of the villa estate
      • Land Planning
      • Spade cultivation
      • Partible inheritance
      • Continuity
      • A rural settlement and temple site at Earith
        • A Late Roman Bronze Figurine from a Temple Site at Earith, Cambridgeshire
          • The Site (Figures 1.4 and 6.7)
        • Earith Iron Age and Roman Settlement
          • Iron Age Occupation
          • The Romano-British Settlement
      • The Romano-British Shrine
        • The Discovery of The Figurine
  • Chapter 7
    • Domestic Buildings and continuation into Anglo-Saxon times
      • Circular Structures
      • Cottages and Workshops
        • Two-bay Vernacular Buildings
        • Open Cruck Structures
• PART 2
• SPECIALIST STUDIES
  • Chapter 8
    • Samian, coarse pottery, kiln and catalogues
      • The Samian Pottery
        • References
      • Site 1
      • Unstratified: Decorated Samian and Stamps
      • Site 3
      • Site 4A
      • Site 4B
      • Site 5
      • Coarse Wares
      • Coarse Pottery Group 1
        • Composition
        • Context
        • Fabric
        • Catalogue
        • References
      • Pottery Group 2
        • Composition
        • Context and Date
        • Catalogue (Figs. 1-4)
        • References
          • Latin Sources
      • Coarse Pottery Group 3
        • Catalogue (Figs. 1-6) Dairy Group see Chapter 6 The Rural Hinterland
        • Composition
        • Context and Date
        • White Meat Industry (Figs 7-8)
      • Coarse Pottery: Groups 4A and 4B
        • Context and Date
        • Composition
      • Buff Ware Fabrics (F)
      • Grey Ware Fabrics (C and E)
      • Venus at Durovigutum
        • Catalogue: Group 4A-B (Figs. 1 and 2)
        • Catalogue: Group 4B (Figs. 3 and 4)
      • Coarse Pottery Group 5
        • Catalogue
        • Context
        • Fabric
        • Date
      • The archaeomagnetic dating of the kiln
        • Introduction
        • Notes
        • Results
      • Discussion of Group 5 Pottery
        • Bibliography
  • Chapter 9
    • Mortaria and lamps
      • The Mortaria
        • Function
          • Statement by Michael Green in 1999
        • Markets
        • References
      • Mortaria Fabrics
        • Catalogue
        • Fabric 1
        • Fabric 2
        • Fabric 3
        • Fabric 4
        • Fabric 5
        • Acknowledgement
        • Bibliography
      • Amphorae
      • Pottery Lamps and Lamp-Stands
      • Catalogue
        • Bibliography
  • Chapter 10
    • Faunal remains
      • Faunal Remians from Godmanchester
        • Introduction
        • Bones from Godmanchester 1971-1973
          • Bones from Site 12 (Post Street) 1975
          • Bones from Site 6 (Stiles II) 1971-3
          • Bones from Site 6 (Stiles III) 1971-3
          • Bones from Site 7 (St. Anne’s Lane) 1972
          • Bones from Site 8 (No. 10 Piper’s Lane) 1973-4
          • Bones from Site 9 (Hut R14 and associated features)
          • Cattle
          • Sheep
          • Birds
          • Cat
          • Horse
          • Pigs
        • Bones from the mansio pits (Site 1)
          • Cattle
          • Discussion
          • Pig
          • Sheep
          • Birds
          • Cat
          • Fish
          • Horse
        • Bones of the period c. 250-300AD (R. and D. Whitehouse)
        • Dogs from Site 1 (mansio pits) R. Harcourt
          • Description of the material
          • Introduction
          • Pathology
          • Discussion
      • Fish from Site 1 (mansio) 1974
      • Bones from Site 5 (Stiles I) 1973
      • Bones from Site 7 1972
      • Bones from Site 5 (Stiles I) 1973
        • Roman — Period 1
        • Period 2
        • Period 3
        • Bibliography
  • Chapter 11
    • Coins, special assemblages and slag
      • Godmanchester – Coin Analysis
        • Catalogue Notes
          • Site 1
          • Site 4
          • Site 5
          • Site 6
          • Site 13
          • Site 14
          • Site 18
          • Site 20
          • Site 22
          • Site 7
          • Site 8
          • Site 25
        • General Notes
      • A Romano-British Hoard from Godmanchester
        • The Jewellery
      • Site 25 Cremation Casket
        • Cremation (811410) from Godmanchester
        • Comments on the reconstruction by Jacqui Watson (Ancient Monuments Laboratory)
          • Basic wooden box construction
          • Lockplate
          • Decorative metalwork
          • Hinges
          • Other examples
          • Outer box / grave lining
        • References
        • References
      • Window Glass
        • Acknowledgements
        • References
      • Vessel Glass: Catalogue
        • Methodology
        • Crucibles and Slag from the Mansio Pits
        • Evidence for glass-working
        • References
        • Catalogue
• PART 3
• APPENDICES
  • Appendix 1
    • Site reports arranged chronologically by excavation date
      • 1957: Pinfold Lane (Site 1)
        • Bath house
        • Town defences
      • 1959 – 1961: Piper’s Lane and London Road (Site 3)
        • ‘London’ Gate
        • Ermine Street
      • 1963 – 1964: Pinfold Lane (Site 1)
        • Domestic/industrial
        • Fort
        • Mansio
        • Roads
        • Town defences
      • 1965: Pinfold Lane and Old Court Hall (Site 4)
        • Bone-working industrial residue
        • Domestic
        • Fort
      • 1968: No 2 Pinfold Lane (Site 1)
        • Domestic
        • Mansio
        • Town Defences
      • 1969: Pinfold Lane Granary Close (Site 1)
        • Domestic
        • Fort
        • Mansio
      • 1970: Pinfold Lane Granary Close (Site 1)
        • Domestic
        • Fort
        • Town
      • 1971: Pinfold Lane (Site 1), The Stiles I (Site 5), Emmanuel Knoll (A604) (Site 9)
        • Fort
        • Mansio bath-house
        • Domestic
        • Road
        • Temples
        • Emmanuel Knoll tumulus
      • 1972: St Ann’s Lane (Site 7)
        • Domestic
        • Road
        • Road and Domestic/industrial
        • Road, Domestic, Town defences north gate
      • 1973: Granary Close (TL 245704) (Site 1), Post Street (TL 241707) (Site 12), The Gables, 5 Earning Street (TL 248255) Site 11), St Ann’s Lane (TL 246705) (Site 7), Piper’s Lane (TL 247703) Site 8), Cow Lane Interchange (TL 255704) (Site 9), The Stiles sit
        • Fort (Granary Close)
        • Mansio (Granary Close)
        • Domestic
        • Road
        • Defences (Earning Street)
        • North Gate (St Ann’s Lane)
        • Town (Piper’s Lane and The Stiles)
      • 1974: London Road (TL 247702) (Site 14), 10 Piper’s Lane (TL 247703) (Site 8), Earning Street (TL247870) (Site 13)
        • Domestic (Earning Street, Piper’s Lane and London Road)
        • Domestic
        • Town Defences
        • Roads
          • Ermine Street (Post Street and Piper’s Lane)
          • Extra-mural
      • 1975: Cambridge Street (TL 247705) (Site 15), Granary Close (TL 245704) (Site 1), The Stiles II (Site 6), and Rectory Farm (TL 2571) (Site 16)
        • Basilica
        • Mansio
        • Town, Domestic, Dairy production
        • Extramural: the Rectory Farm villa complex
      • 1976: Park Lane (TL 245709) (Site 17)
        • Cemetery
        • Domestic
        • Industrial
      • 1976: Pinfold Lane (Site 4)
        • Domestic
        • Roads
      • 1977: New Street (TL 246705) (Site 18)
        • Domestic
        • Domestic
        • Road
      • 1978: New Street Stiles V (TL 247204) (Site 18)
        • Domestic
      • 1978: Old Court Hall (TL 245 702) (Site 19)
        • Cemetery
        • Domestic
        • Town defences
      • 1978: London Road (TL 248701) (Site 20)
        • Domestic
        • Ermine Street
        • Roads and gateways
        • Domestic
        • Roads and gateways
      • 1981: St Ann’s Lane (Site 25)
        • Domestic and cremations
        • Fort
        • Domestic
        • Town defences
      • Additional information
  • Appendix 2
    • Collected Publications on Roman Godmanchester
      • The Basis of Roman Economy in the Great Ouse Valley
        • from the Archaeological News Letter No.5 part 2, June 1954
      • ROMAN GODMANCHESTER PART 1: AN EARLY DWELLING
        • from PCAS Vol. LIII (1960) p.8-22
      • The Site
      • Date
      • Domestic and Economic Life
      • Structures
      • The Coarse Pottery
      • Acknowledgements
      • Appendix I
        • Coin
      • Summary and Discussion
      • Appendix II
        • Samian Ware
          • (a) Decorated forms
          • (b) Plain forms
          • (c) Potter’s stamps
      • Appendix III
        • Coarse Pottery
      • Appendix IV
        • Glass
      • Discovery
      • Roman Godmanchester Part 2: The Town Defences
        • From PCAS vol. LIV, (1961), p.68-82
      • Pinfold Lane 1956
        • Other structures
        • The ditches
        • The site
        • The wall
      • The Causeway 1957
        • The site
          • Phase I
          • Phase II
          • Phase III
          • Phase IV
      • Summary and Discussion
      • Acknowledgements
      • Appendix I
        • Samian ware from causeway site
          • From ditch R 1, layer (4): Pottery (not illustrated)
          • From rubbish deposits antedating the defences, layer (5)
          • From the early Roman turf level, layer (6)
          • From the fourth-century ditch (R 2), layer (3)
          • Other pottery (not illustrated)
          • Other pottery (not illustrated)
      • Appendix II
        • Coarse pottery from causeway site
          • From rubbish deposits antedating the defences, layer (5)
          • From the early Roman turf level, layer (6)
          • Other pottery (not illustrated)
          • Other pottery (not illustrated)
        • Coarse pottery from pinfold lane site
          • Other pottery (not illustrated)
        • From ditch R 1, layer (4)
          • Pottery (not illustrated)
          • From the fourth-century ditch R2, layer (3)
          • Other pottery (not illustrated)
      • Appendix III
        • Small finds
      • Introduction
      • Part III: Emmanuel Knoll
      • Roman Godmanchester
        • H. J. M. Green
      • Summary
      • Emmanuel Knoll Tree
        • Date
        • Features
        • Emmanuel Knoll
          • The burial
          • The tumulus
      • Discussion
      • Acknowledgements
      • Appendix I
        • Small finds from Emmanuel Knoll burial
      • Appendix II
        • Pottery from Emmanuel Knoll burial
      • A Villa Estate at Godmanchester
        • from Todd, M (ed), Studies in the Romano-British Villa 1978
      • The Agricultural Basis
      • The Site
      • Land Planning
      • Spade Cultivation
      • Partible Inheritance
      • Continuity
      • Introduction
      • Religious Cults at Roman Godmanchester
      • The Shrine of Abandinus
        • Temple 1
        • Temple 2
        • Temple 3
        • Temple 2
      • Burial Customs
      • Cult Objects
      • The Sky Gods
        • The Iconographical Evidence
        • The Triadic Sky God
        • Mythology: Goemagot
        • Mythology: Hiccafrith
        • The Mounted Sky God
        • Mythology: Helith
        • The Sky God in Folklore
        • Hercules in Folklore
        • The Sky God as Hercules
        • The Sky Goddess as Diana-Luna
        • The Sky Goddess as Minerva
      • The Earth Gods
        • The Earth God as Mercury/Esus
        • Folklore: Jack-in-the-Green/ Faunus
        • The Horned Earth God
        • Folklore: the Schuck/ Barquest
        • The Earth God as Nodons
        • The Earth Goddess as Venus
        • The Earth Goddess as a Water-Nymph
        • Sacred Trees of the Earth Goddess
        • The Earth Goddess as Ceres
        • Folklore: Black Annis
        • The Other World
      • A Pattern of Belief
        • The Indo-European Cosmogony
        • The Tutelary Function
        • The Pagan Tradition
      • Appendix I
        • Park Lane Inhumation Burials
        • Post Street Cremation Burials
      • Appendix II
        • Catalogue
          • Votive Inscription ( Fig. 10, Nos 1-5)
          • Iconography (Figs 11, 12, 13 and 14)
      • Bibliography
  • Appendix 3
    • Small Finds Catalogue and Drawings
      • Statement by Michael Green in 2008
        • Editor’s comment 2017
    • Bibliography
      • Green, H.J.M.
        • General references
• Back Cover