"The past few decades have witnessed an unprecedented surge of interest in the language of the Late Modern English period. Late Modern English: Novel Encounters covers a broad range of topics addressed by international experts in fields such as phonology, morphology, syntax, lexis, spelling and pragmatics; this makes the collection attractive to any scholar or student interested in the history of English. Each of the four thematic sections in the book represents a core area of Late Modern English studies. This division makes it easy for specialists to access the chapters that are of immediate relevance to their own work. An introductory chapter establishes connections between chapters within as well as between the four sections. The volume highlights recent advances in research methodology such as spelling normalization and other areas of corpus linguistics; several contributions also shed light on the interplay of internal and external factors in language change"--.

• Late Modern English
• Editorial page
• Title page
• Copyright page
• Table of contents
• Preface
• Introduction: Late Modern English studies into the twenty-first century
  • 1. Late Modern English: A bird’s-eye view
  • 2. The studies in the present volume
  • 3. Concluding remarks
  • References
• Part I. Phonology
• “A received pronunciation”: Eighteenth-century pronouncing dictionaries and the precursors of RP
  • 1. “Received pronunciation” or “a received pronunciation”?
  • 2. Standardisation: Theoretical issues
  • 3. Standardisation in the history of English: An overview
  • 4. Standardisation and the pronunciation of English
  • 5. Defining a standard pronunciation
  • 6. Codification in action: Choosing between variants
  • 7. Eighteenth-century codification: RP or not RP?
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • Electronic resources
• The interplay of internal and external factors in varieties of English
  • 1. Introduction: Terminology
    • 1.1 The purported reality of the internal – external division
    • 1.2 A closer look at internally-motivated and externally-motivated change
    • 1.3 Lifespan and the internal – external division
    • 1.4 The course of internal and external change
    • 1.5 Further differentiation of the internal – external division
  • 2. The speaker-internal and speaker-external distinction
    • 2.1 Primarily speaker-internal motivation
      • 2.1.1 Grammaticalisation
      • 2.1.2 Regularisation
    • 2.2 Primarily speaker-external motivation
      • 2.2.1 The special case of mergers
    • 2.3 The role of prescriptivism
  • 3. Discussion and conclusion
  • References
• Part II. Morphosyntax
• The myth of American English ‘gotten’ as a historical retention
  • 1. Introduction: The myth
  • 2. Unmasking the myth: The corpus evidence
  • 3. Investigating the source of the myth
    • 3.1 The collection of nineteenth-century grammars (CNG)
    • 3.2 Dictionaries and glossaries of Americanisms
    • 3.3 American newspapers
  • 4. Twentieth-century publications
  • 5. Conclusion
  • Newspaper databases
  • References
• Changes affecting relative clauses in Late Modern English
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Changes in Modern English
    • 2.1 Methods
    • 2.2 The results of the corpus study
    • 2.3 Discussion
  • 3. Equative relative clauses
  • 4. Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
• Diffusion of ‘do’: The acquisition of ‘do’ negation by ‘have (to)’
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Background
    • 2.1 The development of ‘have to’
    • 2.2 ‘Do’ negation of ‘have (to)’
  • 3. Data and methodology
    • 3.1 Data
    • 3.2 Method
  • 4. Results and discussion
    • 4.1 ‘Do’ negation of ‘have to’
    • 4.2 Krug’s factors revisited: Analogical leveling and bondedness
    • 4.3 ‘Do’ negation of the main verb ‘have’
    • 4.4 Towards an integrated account: ‘Do’ negation of ‘have (to)’
  • 5. Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • Appendix 1. ‘[have][x*] –[v?n*]’ in COHA
  • Appendix 2. ‘Do’-less negation with ‘have’ in five sets of 100 random examples of ‘[have][x*] –[v?n*]’ in COHA
• A diachronic constructional analysis of locative alternation in English, with particular attention to ‘load’ and ‘spray’
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Previous approaches
    • 2.1 Two variants and their relationship
    • 2.2 Summary
    • 2.3 The grammatical status of ‘with’-phrases
  • 3. The historical development of constructions with ‘load’ and ‘spray’
    • 3.1 ‘Load’
    • 3.2 ‘Spray’
    • 3.3 Summary
  • 4. An explanation
    • 4.1 A usage-based model and diachronic change in constructions
    • 4.2 Explanation for the historical development
      • 4.2.1 Identifying the prototype
      • 4.2.2 Extension from the prototype
  • 5. Conclusion
  • References
  • Corpora and a dictionary
• Part III. Orthography, vocabulary and semantics
• In search of “the lexicographic stamp”: George Augustus Sala, slang and Late Modern English dictionaries
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. G. A. Sala and ‘Household Words’
  • 3. “Slang”
  • 4. G. A. Sala’s examples in previous slang dictionaries
  • 5. Slang in ‘OED1’?
  • 6. G. A. Sala’s examples of slang in ‘OED1’
  • 7. Conclusion
  • References
• “Divided by a common language”? The treatment of ‘Americanism(s)’ in Late Modern English dictionaries and usage guides on both sides of the Atlantic
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Background and method
    • 2.1 The Scottish connection: ‘Americanism’ coined on ‘Scotticism’
  • 3. Dictionaries of Americanisms
    • 3.1 Pickering (1816)
    • 3.2 Bartlett (1848)
    • 3.3 Farmer (1889)
    • 3.4 Thornton (1912)
    • 3.5 Summary
  • 4. British and American usage guides
    • 4.1 Alford (1864)
    • 4.2 Moon (1865)
    • 4.3 White (1870)
    • 4.4 Fowler & Fowler (1906)
    • 4.5 Partridge (1942)
    • 4.6 Gowers (1948)
    • 4.7 Summary
  • 5. Summary and conclusion
  • References
• Women writers in the 18th century: The semantics of motion in their choice of perfect auxiliaries
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Previous studies on perfect tenses in Late Modern English
  • 3. Basic motion situations
  • 4. Method
  • 5. Results
    • 5.1 The motion situation components
      • 5.1.1 The FIGURE
      • 5.1.2 The GROUND and the PATH
    • 5.2 Narration versus dialogue
  • 6. Discussion
  • 7. Conclusion
  • References
• Eighteenth-century French cuisine terms and their semantic integration in English
  • 1. Introduction
    • 1.1 Previous studies of the French impact on the English vocabulary
    • 1.2 The ‘OED Online’ as a source of French culinary terms
    • 1.3 Aims and methodology
    • 1.4 Terminology employed in the present analysis
      • 1.4.1 Types of loan influences
      • 1.4.2 Types of semantic change
  • 2. The semantic integration of French culinary terms in the eighteenth century
    • 2.1 Cooking styles and the preparation of food
    • 2.2 Food items and products
    • 2.3 Beverages
    • 2.4 Dishes
    • 2.5 Desserts and items of confectionery
  • 3. Summary and conclusion
  • References
  • Online resources
• Spelling normalisation of Late Modern English: Comparison and combination of VARD and character-based statistical machine translation
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Data and annotation
    • 2.1 The ARCHER corpus
    • 2.2 Training
  • 3. Methods
    • 3.1 VARD2
    • 3.2 Statistical machine translation (SMT)
    • 3.3 Ensemble systems
    • 3.4 Collocations
  • 4. Performance of the individual systems
    • 4.1 Performance of VARD2
    • 4.2 Performance of SMT
    • 4.3 VARD2 and SMT in comparison
  • 5. Majority voting ensemble system
  • 6. Adding a language sequence model
  • 7. Application: Data-driven historical linguistics
    • 7.1 Concordancing: The impact of normalisation on recall
    • 7.2 Overuse of lexis and POS tags
  • 8. Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
• Part IV. Pragmatics and discourse
• A far from simple matter revisited: The ongoing grammaticalization of ‘far from’
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. ‘Far from’ in Present-day English
    • 2.1 Adverbial ‘far’ + ‘from’ X
    • 2.2 Downtoner/degree modifier: ‘Far from’
    • 2.3 Pragmatic marker: ‘Far from it/that’
    • 2.4 Synchronic analysis
  • 3. Historical development of ‘far from’
    • 3.1 The development of degree adverbs
    • 3.2 History of ‘far from’
    • 3.3 Timeline
    • 3.4 Proposed development
  • 4. Conclusions
  • Corpora
  • References
• What it means to describe speech: Pragmatic variation and change in speech descriptors in Late Modern English
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Previous research
  • 3. Material and methodology
  • 4. Results
    • 4.1 Overall results and text dispersion
    • 4.2 Linguistic realizations
    • 4.3 Speech descriptor functions
  • 5. Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
• Being Wilde: Social representation of the public image of Oscar Wilde
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Social representation and labelling
  • 3. The trials of Oscar Wilde
  • 4. Data and methods
    • 4.1 Length of news items
    • 4.2 Content of news items
  • 5. The representation of Oscar Wilde
    • 5.1 Previous studies on Wilde in the press home and abroad
    • 5.2 Labelling in the British press
  • 6. Concluding remarks
  • References
• “I am desired (…) to desire”: Routines of power in the British Colonial Office correspondence on the Cape Colony (1827–1830)
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Speech acts and macro speech acts
  • 3. Historical context and data
  • 4. Routines of power
    • 4.1 Writer performed speech act vs. described speech act
    • 4.2 Macro-speech acts
    • 4.3 Macro-speech acts: Discussion
    • 4.4 Initiation: Response dyads
    • 4.5 Micro-speech acts
  • 5. Conclusions
  • Primary source
  • References
  • Appendix. Micro-speech acts in the most prevalent routines of power
• Index