Two questions often shape our view of the world. On the one hand, we ask what there is, on the other hand, we ask what there ought to be. Empirical research and normative theory, the methodological traditions concerned with these questions, entered a difficult relationship, from at least as early as around the time of the advent of modern sciences. To this day, there remains a strong separation between the two domains, with both tending to neglect discourses and results from the other. Contrary to a verdict of strict segregation between "is" and "ought," there are, nowadays, various attempts to integrate both theoretical approaches. This calls for a discourse on the relation between empirical research and normative theory. In this volume, scholars from different disciplines - including psychology, sociology, economics, and philosophy - discuss the possible desired or undesired influences on, and limits of, the integration of these two approaches.

• Foreword
• Preface
• Table of Contents
• List of Abbreviations
• Introduction
• Two Worlds on the Brink of Colliding
• Normative Theories and Their Influence on Empirical Research
• Normative Influences in Science and Their Impact on (Objective) Empirical Research
• Is and Ought
• Empirically Informed Moral Intuitionism
• A Principle of Psychological Realism for Moral Epistemology
• Moral Epistemology Naturalised
• Empirical Incursions
• Is Fairness in the Eye of the Beholder?
• Needs-Based Justice
• A Simple Vote Won’t Do It
• Conceiving the Anthropological Difference as a Categorical Divide
• Epilogue
• List of Contributors
• Index of Names
• Index of Subjects