The book provides a thorough survey of current research in quantum dots synthesis, properties, and applications.

• front-matter
  • Table of Contents
  • Preface
  • Summary
• 1 - Eco-Friendly Techniques to Synthesize Quantum Dots
  • Eco-Friendly Techniques to Synthesize Quantum Dots
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Green synthesis of quantum dots via biogenic methods
    • 2.1 Green synthesis of quantum dots by plant
    • 2.1.1 Possible formation mechanism
    • 2.1.2 Effective parameters on plant-mediated nanocomposite synthesis
    • 2.2 Green synthesis of quantum dots by microorganisms
    • 2.2.1 Green quantum dot synthesis by bacteria
    • 2.2.2 Green quantum dot synthesis by algae
    • 2.2.3 Green quantum dots synthesis by fungus
  • Egregia sp.
  • Pterocladiacapillacae, Janiarubins, Ulva faciata, and Colpmeniasinusa
  • Ulva lactuca seaweed
  • 3. Green synthesis of quantum dots via wet chemical techniques
    • 3.1 Sol-gel
    • 3.2 Solvo/hydrothermal
    • 3.3 Microemulsions/ reverse micelle
    • 3.4 Thermal decomposition
    • 3.5 Precipitation
  • 4. Solid-state techniques to synthesis quantum dots
  • Conclusions
  • References
• 2
  • Fabrication Techniques for Quantum Dots
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Synthesis or fabrication techniques of nanostructures
  • 3. Fabrication techniques of QDs
    • 3.1 Top-down methods
    • 3.1.1 Electron beam lithography
    • 3.1.2 Focused ion beam methods
    • 3.1.3 Etching techniques
    • 3.2 Bottom-up methods
    • 3.2.1 Wet-chemical techniques
    • 3.2.1.1 Sol-gel process
    • 3.2.1.2 Microemulsion technique
    • 3.2.1.3 Hot-solution decomposition techniques
    • 3.2.2 Vapour-phase techniques
    • 3.2.2.1 Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)
    • 3.2.2.2 Physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique
    • 3.2.2.3 Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique
    • 3.3 Other synthetic techniques
    • 3.3.1 Using ultrasonic or microwave irradiation
    • 3.3.2 Hydrothermal synthesis technique
    • 3.3.3 Solvothermal technique
    • 3.3.4 From microorganism bio-template
    • 3.3.5 Electrochemical assembly
    • 3.3.6 Cluster-seed method
    • 3.4 Bulk-manufacturing technique
  • 4. Perspective
  • Acknowledgement
  • References
• 3 - Green and One-Pot Synthesis of Mint Derived Carbon Quantum Dots for Metal Ion Sensing
  • Green and One-Pot Synthesis of Mint Derived Carbon Quantum Dots for Metal Ion Sensing
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Experimental
    • 2.1 Chemicals and materials
    • 2.2 Equipments
    • 2.3 Synthesis of carbon quantum dots
    • 2.4 Fluorescent sensing for metal ions
  • 3. Result and discussion
    • 3.1 Fluorescent sensing
  • Conclusions
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
• 4 - Antibacterial Quantum Dots
  • Antibacterial Quantum Dots
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Synthesis of graphene quantum dots (GQDs)
    • 2.1 Top-down approaches
    • 2.1.1 Electrochemical oxidation
    • 2.2.2 Laser ablation
    • 2.2.3 Arc discharge
    • 2.2 Bottom-up approaches
    • 2.2.1 Hydrothermal synthesis
    • 2.2.2 Microwave-assisted synthesis
    • 2.2.3 Combustion method
  • 3. Physical and chemical properties
    • 3.1 Absorbance
    • 3.2 Photoluminescene
    • 3.3 Electroluminescence
  • 4. Antibacterial activity of GQDs
    • 4.1 Light-assisted antibacterial activity of GQDs
    • 4.2 Shape and size of GQDs
    • 4.3 H2O2-assisted antibacterial activity of GQDs
    • 4.4 Biomedical application of GQDs
  • Conclusions
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
• 5 - Computational Theories Used in the Study of Quantum Dots
  • Computational Theories Used in the Study of Quantum Dots
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Computational approaches
    • 2.1 Molecular mechanics
    • 2.2 Quantum mechanics
    • 2.2.1 Density functional theory
    • 2.2.2 Effective mass approximation
    • 2.2.3 Linear combination of atomic orbitals
    • 2.2.4 Tight binding
    • 2.2.5 Time dependent DFT
    • 2.2.4 Other approaches
    • 2.3 Evolution of the theoretical approaches in the band gap QDs calculations
  • Conclusions and future perspectives
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
• 6 - Application of Quantum Dots in Sensors
  • Application of Quantum Dots in Sensors
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Properties of QDs used in sensing applications
  • 3. Quantum dot-based sensors
    • 3.1 Classification of sensors
    • 3.1.1 Chemosensors
    • 3.1.2 Biosensors
    • 3.2 Sensing signals in QD based sensors
    • 3.2.1 Luminescence based sensors
    • 3.2.2 Photoluminescence (PL) sensors
    • 3.2.3 Chemiluminescence sensors
    • 3.2.4 Electrochemical based sensors
  • 4. Signal amplification strategies in quantum dot-based sensors
    • 4.1 Forster (Fluorescence) resonance energy transfer
    • 4.2 Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer and Chemiluminescent resonance energy transfer
    • 4.3 Photoinducedelectron transfer (PET)
    • 4.4 Charge transfer
  • Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
• 7 - Applications of Quantum Dots in Supercapacitors
  • Applications of Quantum Dots in Supercapacitors
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Type of quantum dots (QDs) for supercapacitor electrode
  • 3. Types of supercapacitors
    • 3.1 QDs for symmetric supercapacitors
    • 3.1.1 Carbon QDs and TMO nanocomposites
    • 3.1.2 Carbon QDs and TMD nanocomposites
    • 3.1.3 Carbon QDs and polymer nanocomposites
    • 3.1.3 Carbon QDs based ternary nanocomposites
    • 3.2 QDs for asymmetric supercapacitors
    • 3.2.1 Carbon QDs and TMO nanocomposites
    • 3.2.2 Carbon QDs and polymer nanocomposites
  • Conclusion and outlook
  • References
• 8 - Quantum Dots Based Material for Drug Delivery Applications
  • Quantum Dots Based Material for Drug Delivery Applications
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Synthesis and properties of quantum dots
    • 2.1 Synthesis of QDs
    • 2.2 Properties of QDs
    • 2.2.1 Quantum confinement effect and band-gap
    • 2.2.2 Luminescence property
  • 3. Quantum dots as a nanovehicle for drug loading and drug delivery
    • 3.1 QDs in nonoparticle-mediated drug delivery
    • 3.2 Monitoring drug release
    • 3.3 Photo-physical properties for traceable or visible drug delivery
  • 4. Toxicity
    • 4.1 Core toxicity
    • 4.2 Encapsulated QDs and their toxicity
  • 5. Quantum dots in bioimaging applications
  • Conclusions
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
• 9 - Quantum Dots based Materials for New Generation Supercapacitors Application: A Recent Overview
  • Quantum Dots based Materials for New Generation Supercapacitors Application: A Recent Overview
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Synthesis of quantum dots via different methods
    • 2.1 Top to down approach
    • 2.1.1 Hydrothermal /solvothermal treatment
    • 2.1.2 Microwave irradiation
    • 2.2 Bottom to up approach
    • 2.2.1 Chemical method
    • 2.2.2 Carbonization procedure
  • 3. Quantum dots based materials for ultracapacitors application
    • 3.1 QDs based hybrid composites
    • 3.2 QDs based carbonic materials
  • Conclusive overview and future scope
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
• 10 - Role of Quantum Dots in Separation Processes
  • Role of Quantum Dots in Separation Processes
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Quantum dots (QDs) in separation membranes
    • 2.1 Thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes
    • 2.2 QDs on top of membranes surface
    • 2.3 QD/polymer composite membranes
  • 3. QDs in chromatographic separation column
  • 4. QDs in heavy metal remediation
  • 5. Magnetic quantum dots (MagDots) for cellular/molecular separation
    • 5.1 Separation of surface bound and soluble biomarkers
    • 5.2 QDs in tumor cells separation
    • 5.3 QDs in microbial cell separation
    • 5.4 QDs in ionic separation
  • Conclusion and future perspectives
  • References
• 11 - Quantum Dots Based Materials for Water Treatment
  • Quantum Dots Based Materials for Water Treatment
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Classification of quantum dots
    • 2.1 Planar quantum dots
    • 2.2 Vertical quantum dots
    • 2.3 Self-assembled quantum dots
  • 3. Synthesis of quantum dots
    • 3.1 Top-down approach
    • 3.1.1 Laser ablation
    • 3.1.2 Arc discharge
    • 3.1.3 Acidic oxidation
    • 3.2 Bottom-up approach
    • 3.2.1 Combustion/thermal routes
    • 3.2.2 Microwave pyrolysis
    • 3.2.3 Hydrothermal/solvothermal synthesis
    • 3.2.4 Electrochemistry methods
  • 4. Properties of carbon based quantum dots
    • 4.1 Absorbance
    • 4.2 Photoluminescence
  • 5. Carbon quantum dots for water treatment
  • Conclusions and future scope
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
• 12 - Semiconductor Quantum Dots
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Types of quantum dots
  • 3. Preparation of quantum dots
    • 3.1 Colloidal method
    • 3.2 Emulsion method
    • 3.3 Sol-gel method
    • 3.4 Co-precipitation
    • 3.5 QDs of metal chalcogenide by hot injection method
    • 3.6 Aqueous and hydrothermal synthesis
    • 3.7 Solvothermal synthesis
    • 3.8 Microwave assisted synthesis
    • 3.9 Direct adsorption method
    • 3.10 Linker assisted adsorption method
    • 3.11 Green method of synthesis of CdS QD
    • 3.12 Biological method
  • 4. Characterization
    • 4.1 Optical characterization methods
    • 4.2 Electrical characterization
    • 4.3 TEM studies
    • 4.4 Raman spectroscopy
    • 4.5 X-ray-related techniques for structural/compositional studies
  • 5. Properties
    • 5.1 Photoactivity
    • 5.2 Controllable emission light
    • 5.3 Good light intensity and stability
    • 5.4 Stokes shift and fluorescence lifetime
    • 5.5 Active surface for good biocompatibility and functionalization
    • 5.6 Quantum Confinement Effect
    • 5.7 In cancer therapy and drug delivery
    • 5.8 DNA Labelling
    • 5.9 Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
  • 6. Applications of quantum dots
    • 6.1 Luminescent probes for inorganic-trace analysis
    • 6.2 Biomonitoring and bioimaging
    • 6.3 Biosensing
    • 6.4 Photodetectors or photoelectrochemical sensors
    • 6.5 Photovoltaics (solar cells)
    • 6.6 Light emitting diodes
    • 6.7 Electrochemiluminescence
    • 6.8 Bio conjugation and surface functionalization of QDs for biological applications
  • Conclusions
  • References
• 13 - Quantum Dots: Properties and Applications
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Optical properties
  • 3. Manufacturing of quantum dots
  • 4. CdSe quantum dots
  • 5. Carbon quantum dots (CDs)
    • 5.1 The mechanism of photoluminescence in quantum carbon dots
  • 6. Chemical and biological applications of nanoparticle dots
  • Conclusions
  • References
• back-matter
  • Keyword Index
  • About the Editors