"This book addresses the topic of linguistic categorization from a novel perspective. While most of the early research has focused on how linguistic systems reflect some pre-existing ways of categorizing experience, the contributions included in this volume seek to understand how linguistic resources of various nature (prosodic cues, affixes, constructions, discourse markers, ...) can be 'put to work' in order to actively build categories in discourse and in interaction, to achieve social goals. This question is addressed in different ways by researchers from different subfields of linguistics, including psycholinguistics, conversation analysis, linguistic typology and discourse pragmatics, and a major point of innovation is represented in fact by the interdisciplinary nature of the volume and in the systematic search for converging evidence"--.

• Building Categories in Interaction
• Editorial page
• Title page
• Copyright page
• Table of contents
• Chapter 1. Building categories in interaction: Theoretical and empirical perspectives
  • 1. On categories and categorization within linguistics
  • 2. Aims and scope of the volume
  • 3. The contributions in this volume
  • Funding
  • References
• Chapter 2. Ad hoc categorization in linguistic interaction
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. The indexicality of categorization
    • 2.1 Ad hoc categorization and the role of context
    • 2.2 The linguistic expression of ad hoc categorization
  • 3. The languaging perspective: Category construction in interaction
  • 4. Incremental ad hoc categorization: Zooming in and outside categories in discourse
    • 4.1 Identifying the category core and pushing the category borders
    • 4.2 Beyond the borders: Ad hoc categorization of the outside
    • 4.3 Progressive zoom into the interlocutors’ experience
  • 5. Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • Funding
  • References
• Chapter 3. Categories at the interface of cognition and action
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Grounded cognition
    • 2.1 Grounding in perceptual systems and the construct of simulation
    • 2.2 Grounding in the motor system and body
    • 2.3 Grounding cognition in the physical environment
    • 2.4 Grounding cognition in the social environment
    • 2.5 Cognition as emergent
    • 2.6 The situated action cycle
  • 3. Ad hoc and goal-derived categories
    • 3.1 The correlational structure of the environment
    • 3.2 Contexts of situated action
    • 3.3 Establishment in memory
    • 3.4 Typicality gradients
    • 3.5 Goal-derived categories
  • 4. Determinants of graded structure in ad hoc and goal-derived categories
    • 4.1 Family resemblance and central tendency
    • 4.2 Ideals
    • 4.3 Frequency of instantiation
    • 4.4 Contrasting central tendency, ideals, and frequency of instantiation
  • 5. Deriving categories from frames to achieve goals
    • 5.1 A general procedure for deriving an ad hoc category
    • 5.2 Specifying an abstraction for an ad hoc category: Optimizations and constraints
    • 5.3 Roles of goal-derived categories in expertise
    • 5.4 Habitual goal-derived categories and their adaptation
    • 5.5 Lexicalization of goal-derived categories
  • 6. Grounding ad hoc and goal-derived categories
    • 6.1 Instantiating space-time regions in simulations
    • 6.2 The interface between cognition and action
  • 7. Outstanding issues
    • 7.1 The concept composition process that creates ad hoc categories
    • 7.2 The development of expertise
    • 7.3 Use and adaptation of goal-derived categories in habitual behaviors at the interface of cognition and action
    • 7.4 Grounding goal-derived categories in space-time regions of simulations
    • 7.5 Establishing the neural bases of goal-derived categories
    • 7.6 Establishing relations between cognitive and linguistic mechanisms
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
• Chapter 4. Category-building lists between grammar and interaction: A constructionist view
  • 1. Introduction
    • 1.1 What is a list?
    • 1.2 Lists and categorization
  • 2. Lists between grammar and discourse
    • 2.1 Lists as constructions
    • 2.2 Lists in interaction
    • 2.3 Interim summary: Bridging the gap between grammar and interaction
  • 3. Between categorization and reformulation: The case of insomma
    • 3.1 Discourse markers and lists
    • 3.2 Insomma and lists: Data
    • 3.3 Theoretical discussion
  • 4. Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • Funding
  • References
• Chapter 5. Are new words predictable?: A pilot study on the origin of neologies by means of natural selection
  • 1. Introduction
    • 1.1 Predictive language theories and their moving target
    • 1.2 Language change and neology
    • 1.3 Language evolution: From Darwin via Haeckel, Schleicher and Müller back to Darwin
    • 1.4 The incredible career of a neologism and Engelbart’s question
    • 1.5 Naming and categorization: Clarifications and sample case observations
  • 2. Investigating form and fate of neologisms: An experimental approach
    • 2.1 Creating demand for names of unknown objects: Meet the fribbles
    • 2.2 Preparatory data collection: Five objects, five name pools and an initial hypothesis
    • 2.3 Venturing a first hypothesis
  • 3. Pretest: Deriving preference hypotheses from estimated natural selection
    • 3.1 Pretest
    • 3.2 Pretest results: Five pools resulting from artificial and estimated natural selection
    • 3.3 Developing a selection predictor: Factors of fitness ranking
    • 3.4 Assigning degrees of fitness: The coding algorithm
  • 4. Experiment: Testing the fitness rank predictor with forced natural selection
    • 4.1 Experiment
    • 4.2 Comparing observed and predicted rankings
    • 4.3 Discussion of the experiment results
  • 5. Replication: Retesting the fitness rank predictor
    • 5.1 Replication procedure
    • 5.2 Comparing observed and predicted replication rankings
    • 5.3 Discussion of the replication
  • 6. Overall analysis
    • 6.1 Ways of estimating correlation strength of incomplete rankings with ties
    • 6.2 Statistical overview of experiment and replication results
  • 7. Summary and outlook
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
• Chapter 6. The Camel Humps prosodic pattern: Listing for disaffiliating in spoken Hebrew
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. The form
    • 2.1 Prosodic structure
    • 2.2 Syntactic structure
  • 3. The function
    • 3.1 Reference-stance taken by another participant
    • 3.2 Reference-stance attributed to another participant
    • 3.3 Reported reference-stance
    • 3.4 The Camel humps pattern as an exclusive cue of disaffiliation
    • 3.5 Interim summary
    • 3.6 A different open list pattern in spoken Hebrew
  • 4. Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
  • Appendix. Transcription conventions
• Chapter 7. Making the implicit explicit: Free enrichment in interaction?
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. The Relevance theoretical perspective
    • 2.1 The conversational analytic perspective: Other-initiated repair
  • 3. Method and data
    • 3.1 Narrative interviews: The corpus of the fall of the wall
    • 3.2 Data
  • 4. Empirical analysis
    • 4.1 The implicit source term linguistically
    • 4.2 Possible meanings: Candidates and utterance formats
    • 4.3 The communicative function of elaborating implicit syntactic slots
  • 5. Summary
  • 6. Transcript conventions GAT II (Selting et al. 2009, selection)
  • References
• Chapter 8. Online text mapping: The contribution of verbless constructions in spoken Italian and French
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. The corpus
  • 3. Meta-textual CxsNP[ØVP]
    • 3.1 Types of meta-textual CxsNP[ØVP]
  • 4. Some quantitative data
  • 5. Conclusions
  • References
• Chapter 9. Exemplification in interaction: From reformulation to the creation of common ground
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Exemplification in interaction and the creation of reference: Some theoretical premises
    • 2.1 The issue of making reference to conceptual categories
    • 2.2 The collaborative model of referring
    • 2.3 Exemplification in the creation of reference
  • 3. Methodological remarks: Corpora, objects of analysis and parameters
  • 4. Exemplification by the speaker: Presenting and refashioning the reference
  • 5. Exemplification by the addressee: From collaborating to reference construction to interpersonal functions
    • 5.1 Exemplifying to collaborate in the reference construction
    • 5.2 Exemplifying to provide feedback on the reference
    • 5.3 Exemplifying to ask for feedback on the reference
  • 6. Concluding remarks: Exemplification and the online creation of reference
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
• Chapter 10. The on-line construction of meaning in Mandarin Chinese: Focus on relative clauses
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Theoretical background
    • 2.1 The status of postnominal RCs in Chinese
    • 2.2 Postnominal RCs as category-building constructions
  • 3. My survey
  • 4. Presentation and analysis of the data
  • 5. Summary and conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
• Chapter 11. Et cetera, eccetera, etc. The development of a general extender from Latin to Italian
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Et cetera in Latin
    • 2.1 Functions of et cetera
    • 2.2 The evolution of et cetera
  • 3. From Latin to Italian
    • 3.1 Previous studies on Italian eccetera
    • 3.2 Functions of eccetera in contemporary spoken Italian
    • 3.3 Recent developments
  • 4. Discussion and conclusive remarks
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
• Chapter 12. Morphopragmatics of rhyming and imitative co-compounds in Russian
  • 1. Introduction
    • 1.1 Co-compounds and their morphosyntactic properties in Russian
    • 1.2 Data, theoretical framework, and scope of the study
  • 2. Rhyming co-compounds
    • 2.1 The appositive subtype
    • 2.2 The prefixed subtype
  • 3. Imitative co-compounds
  • 4. Conclusions
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
• Chapter 13. Encoding ad hoc categories in Georgian: Three types of echo-word constructions
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Echo reduplication in Georgian: Features, types, and classification
    • 2.1 Type 1
    • 2.2 Type 2
    • 2.3 Type 3
  • 3. Georgian echo-word formations as contributors to the encoding of ad hoc categories
  • 4. Conclusion
  • References
• Chapter 14. French type-noun constructions based on genre: From the creation of ad hoc categories to ad hoc categorization
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Well-established categories and linguistic labels
  • 3. Ad hoc categories
  • 4. Taxonomies and taxonomic nouns
    • 4.1 The implicit and explicit reference to subkinds: Taxonomic readings
    • 4.2 Preposed and postposed taxonomic nouns and the conflation of type and instance readings
  • 5. Constructions with genre building ad hoc categories
    • 5.1 Ce genre de choses and related anaphoric constructions
    • 5.2 ‘X of the same type as Y’ creating ad hoc categories
  • 6. From ad hoc category to sloppy categorization: 20th and 21st century genre
    • 6.1 From ad hoc category to ad hoc categorization
    • 6.2 From comparison marker to approximation
    • 6.3 From comparison marker to exemplification marker to connecting uses
    • 6.4 A tentative semantic map for the pragmatic marker genre
  • 7. Conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
• Chapter 15. In a manner of speaking: The co-construction of manner in spoken Italian dialogues
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. An ill-defined category
    • 2.1 The traditional definition
    • 2.2 More recent approaches
    • 2.3 Towards a functional definition of manner
  • 3. The corpus
  • 4. Annotation
    • 4.1 The annotation of the marker
    • 4.2 Annotation of the scope
    • 4.3 Annotation of the relation
  • 5. Results
    • 5.1 An extensive inventory of structures
    • 5.2 A complex semantics
  • 6. Co-constructing manner in and through discourse
    • 6.1 Progressive construction of manner meanings
    • 6.2 Negotiation of manner meanings
    • 6.3 Indexical construction of manner meanings
    • 6.4 Pragmaticalized use of (graduated) manner meanings
  • 7. Conclusion
  • References
• Chapter 16. Why it’s hard to construct ad hoc number concepts
  • 1. Introduction
  • 2. Ad hoc construction of broadened (approximate) number concepts
    • 2.1 The crucial role of rounders
    • 2.2 Skewed broadeners for number words
  • 3. No narrowing for number concepts
    • 3.1 No narrowed ad hoc concepts for number words
    • 3.2 No sorta and kinda ad hoc number concepts
  • 4. Conclusions
  • Funding
  • References
• Index