This book presents recent research on sustainable building materials and their various applications.

• 0_front matter
  • Table of Contents
  • Preface
  • Technical Review Committee Members,
• 1
  • Experimental Study on Light Transmitting Concrete Using Plastic Optical Fiber
    • Introduction
    • Materials
    • Cement
    • Manufactured sand (M sand)
    • Coarse Aggregate
    • Plastic Optical Fiber
    • Characteristics of Plastic Optical Fiber
    • Light Theory
    • Mix Design for Light Transmitting concrete
    • Indian Standard Recommended Method 456
    • Conventional Concrete of grade M20.
    • Placing of optical fiber
    • Experimental Test Results
    • Compressive Strength of concrete
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 2
  • Performance Evaluation of RCC Beam Column Joint with Aramid Fibre
    • Introduction
    • Aramid Fibre
    • Scope
    • Material Tests
    • Tests on Cement
    • Tests on Fine Aggregate
    • Tests on Coarse Aggregate
    • Preparation of Concrete
    • Numerical Analysis
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 3
  • Reuse of Coarse Aggregate as Recycled Aggregate in Concrete
    • Introduction
    • Objectives
    • Methodology
    • Testing of Recycled Aggregate
    • Non-destructive test
    • Objectives
    • Methodology
    • Testing of Recycled Aggregate
    • Results and Discussion
    • Conclusion
    • Reference
• 4
  • Development of Sustainable Bricks by Utilizing Vermicompost as an Alternate Material – A Waste Created Brick
    • Introduction
    • Materials and methods
    • Materials
    • Methods
    • Results and discussions
    • Physical properties
    • Particle size distribution
    • Composition
    • Scanning Electron Microscopy
    • Compressive strength
    • Water absorption
    • Loss on Ignition
    • Conclusion
    • Acknowledgement
    • References
• 5
  • Experimental Study on Practice of Cement Treated Subbase (CTSB) Layer in Flexible Pavement of National Highways in India
    • Introduction
    • Acceptance Criteria & QC Checks:
    • Flowchart Mix Design
    • Materials & Source
    • Evaluation Of Raw Materials Used For CTSB Crushed Materials:
    • Properties of coarse aggregate
    • Fine Aggregate (40MM Aggregate - Crusher Dust)
    • Properties of 6MM down. (Crusher Dust)
    • Water
    • Cement
    • Properties of Cement
    • Gradation of Aggregate and Proposition Finalization
    • Individual Gradation Results
    • Theoretical Blending
    • Practical Blending for CTSB
    • Design Mix
    • Determination of Optimum Cement Content For CTSB
    • Confirmatory Tests
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 6
  • Buckling Behaviour of Cold Formed Steel Column Subjected to Axial Compression Loading
    • Introduction
    • Section Properties
    • Experimental work
    • Numerical analysis
    • Result and Discussion
    • References
• 7
  • Experimental Investigation on Partial Replacement of Cement with Metakaoline, Fly Ash and Silica Fume in Concrete
    • Introduction
    • Material Investigation
    • Mix design:
    • Experimental Investigation
    • Slump Cone Test
    • Acid Test Results
    • Test Result of HCL
    • Test Result of H2SO4
    • Mechanical Properties
    • Compressive Strength Test Results
    • Split Tensile Strength Test Result
    • Modulus of Elasticity Test Results
    • Permeability Test Results
    • Results & Discussions
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 8
  • Feasibility Study on Utilization of Compost as a Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Conventional Concrete
    • Introduction
    • Methodology
    • Results and discussion
    • Conclusion
    • Acknowledgement
    • References
• 9
  • Evaluation of Mechanical Properties on Light Weight Concrete by using Silica Fume with M-Sand
    • Introduction
    • Experimental work
    • Material properties
    • Specimens and mixture details
    • Results and discussion
    • Effect on compressive strength
    • Effect on flexural tensile strength
    • Effect on water to cementitious ratio
    • Conclusions
    • References
• 10
  • Mechanical Properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete by using Sisal Fiber with M-Sand as Fine Aggregate
    • Introduction
    • Materials and methodology
    • Casting and Curing of fibre reinforced concrete
    • Testing for fresh and hardened concrete
    • Slump cone test
    • Compaction factor test
    • Compressive strength test
    • Split tensile strength test
    • Flexural strength test
    • Results and discussions
    • Compressive strength
    • Split tensile strength
    • Flexural strength
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 11
  • Mechanical Properties of Concrete Using Oyster Shells as Coarse Aggregate
    • Introduction
    • Materials Testing Program
    • Compressive Strength Testing
    • Literature References
    • Summary
    • References
• 12
  • Performance Evaluation of High-Performance Concrete with Steel Fiber
    • Introduction
    • OBJECTIVE:
    • Overview
    • Future scope
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 13
  • Comparative Study on the Behavior of Fiber Reinforced Concrete
    • Introduction
    • Research Significance
    • Material Properties
    • Mix proportion
    • Result and Discussion
    • Conclusion
    • Reference
• 14
  • A Review on Smart and Eco-Friendly Building Material
    • Introduction
    • Materials and Methods
    • Preparation of Sample
    • Characterization
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 15
  • An Experimental Study on the Impact of Incorporating Glass on the Photocatalytic Capacity of Concrete Blocks
    • Introduction
    • Experimental Investigation
    • Materials Used
    • Cement
    • Water
    • Fine Aggregate
    • Coarse Aggregate
    • Optical Fiber
    • Glass
    • Superplasticizer
    • Mix Design
    • Tests Conducted
    • Compressive Strength Test For Blocks
    • Results and discussions
    • Compressive strength test results
    • Water Absorption Test Results
    • Light Emitting Property
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 16
  • Experimental Study on Strength Characteristics of Fly Ash and Rice Husk Ash added Clay Soil
    • Introduction
    • Soil stabilization
    • Materials used
    • Black cotton soil
    • Literature review
    • Methodology
    • Laboratory Investigation
    • Properties of Representative Clay
    • Influence of Fly ash & Rice husk ash in Properties of Soil
    • Results & Discussion
    • References
• 17
  • Experimental Investigation on Properties of Herbocrete by using Terminalia Chebula (Kaddukai)
    • Introduction
    • Methodology
    • Material Used
    • Terminalia Chebula (Kaddukai):
    • Polypropylene Fiber:
    • Experimental
    • Mixing Proportions:
    • Mixing, Casting, and Curing:
    • Result
    • Conclusion
    • Reference
• 18
  • Investigation on Strength of Concrete with Addition of Fly Ash and Natural Fiber
    • Introduction
    • Research significance
    • Methodology
    • Materials
    • Cement
    • Properties of cement
    • Advantages
    • Disadvantages
    • Fine aggregate
    • Coarse aggregate
    • Water
    • Fly ash
    • Advantages of fly ash
    • Rice husk ash
    • Properties
    • Benefits
    • Coconut fiber
    • Properties & advantages
    • Material testing
    • Tests for fine aggregate
    • Specific gravity test
    • Calculations
    • Tests for coarse aggregate
    • Specific gravity test
    • Calculation
    • Mix design
    • Casting and testing
    • Mixing procedure
    • Slump cone test
    • Curing
    • Compression test
    • Results and discussion
    • Slump test result
    • Cube compression test
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 19
  • Behaviour of Polypropylene and Steel Fibre Reinforced High Strength Concrete Exterior Beam Column Joint
    • Introduction
    • Materials and mix proportions
    • Materials Used
    • Mix Proportion
    • Experimental Program
    • Formulae for calculating joint shear force
    • Joint shear force
    • Prediction of shear force by ACI 318R-05:2002
    • Prediction of shear force by NZS 3101: 1995
    • Experimental results and discussions
    • Failure mode of test specimens
    • Load deflection behavior
    • Energy absorption capacity and displacement ductility
    • Joint shear force
    • Comparison with design codes
    • Conclusions
    • References
• 20
  • A Research on Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Waste Foundry Sand
    • Introduction
    • Materials
    • Admixtures
    • Waste Foundry Sand
    • Casting and Curing
    • Concreting
    • Casting of Specimen
    • Fresh Concrete Test
    • Slump Cone Test
    • Hardened Concrete Test
    • Compressive Strength Test
    • Tensile Strength Test
    • Flexural Strength Test
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 21
  • Shear Behaviour of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Steel and Polypropylene Fiber
    • Diagonal Cracking Capacity
    • Shear stress at the formation of diagonal crack
    • Materials
    • Mixture Proportion
    • Experimental set up
    • Experimental Results
    • Load and Deflection for RCC Beam
    • Load and Deflection for RCC Beam with minimum stirrups
    • Load and Deflection for SFRC Beam
    • Load and Deflection for PFRC Beam
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 22
  • An Experimental Investigation of Lightweight Self Compacting Concrete with Replacement of Coarse Aggregate as Pumice Stone- A Review
    • Introduction
    • Literature Assessment
    • Materials
    • Mix Proportion of LWSCC
    • Fresh Properties of LWSCC
    • Hardened properties of LWSCC
    • Advantages, Limitations and Applications of LWSCC
    • Conclusion
    • Reference
• 23
  • Development of Self-Sensing Cement Composite using Nanomaterials for Structural Health Monitoring of Concrete Columns – A Comprehensive Review
    • Introduction
    • Materials and Methods
    • Results and Discussions
    • Workability
    • Compressive strength
    • Flexural strength
    • Conductivity
    • Piezoresistivity
    • Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis
    • Conclusions
    • Acknowledgments
    • References
• 24
  • Structural Health Monitoring Using Sensors with Application of Wavelet Analysis
    • Introduction
    • Traditional Non-destructive methodologies of Health monitoring:
    • Proposed methodology
    • Sensor components for SHM
    • Wavelet Transform for SHM
    • Conclusion and future scope
    • Acknowledgements
    • References
• 25
  • Carbon-Based Nanomaterial Embedded Self-Sensing Cement Composite for Structural Health Monitoring of Concrete Beams - A Extensive Review
    • Introduction
    • Materials and Methods
    • Results and Discussions
    • Workability
    • Strength
    • Conductivity
    • Piezoresistivity
    • Morphology Characterization
    • Conclusions
    • Acknowledgments
    • References
• 26
  • Nano Silica Particles as A Structural Build Up Agent for 3D Printing Cement Paste with Additional Accelerators
    • Introduction
    • Objectives
    • Literature
    • Underwater 3D printing of cement based mortar –Ibrahim mazhoud 30th July 2019
    • Extrusion-based 3D printing with micro wire reinforced geopolymer composite January 2019
    • Nano silica particles as structural fillers in Portland cement pastes for 3D printing January of the next year Oscar A. Mendoza
    • Jian Gong uses cellulose nanocrystals as a support material for 3D printing complexly formed structures using multiple materials. August of this year
    • 3D printing for building with a polymer-foam and concrete complicated wall August 2019 Yulin Huang
    • Methodology
    • Materials
    • Portland cement
    • Nano silica
    • Accelerator
    • Viscosity modifying agent
    • Results
    • Conclusion
    • Scope of future study
    • Reference
• 27
  • A Constructive Analysis on Topology Optimization of Structural Beam Element Using Different Support Condition
    • Introduction
    • Mechanism in topology optimization
    • Procedure for topology optimization
    • Modelling:
    • Analysis:
    • Optimizing:
    • Remodeling:
    • Producing manufacturing design:
    • Analytical study
    • Output from the software:
    • Conclution:
    • Reference
• 28
  • Experimental Analysis of Glass Fibre in Concrete
    • Introduction
    • Fibres used
    • Fibre
    • Steel fibre
    • Asbestos
    • Admixtures inGFRC
    • Plasticizer
    • Viscosity modifyingadmixtures
    • Polymers
    • Anti-efflorescence and water-repellentadmixtures
    • Properties of GlassFibre
    • Experimentalwork
    • General
    • Materials Used
    • Cement
    • Coarseaggregate
    • Fineaggregate
    • Water
    • Fibre
    • MixProportion
    • Mixing
    • Admixtures
    • CuringProcess
    • Discussion of Testresults
    • Compressivestrength
    • Flexuralstrength
    • Graph
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 29
  • Structural Health Monitoring of Infrastructures using Sensors as Smart Materials– Review and Perspective
    • Introduction
    • Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring
    • Self-sensing cement composite
    • Ultrasonic sensor
    • Strain gauge
    • Conclusions
    • Acknowledgments
    • References
• 30
  • Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibition on Rebar using Pomegranate Peel Extract as Organic Inhibitor
    • Introduction
    • Materials
    • Test on specimens
    • Results & Discussion
    • Carbonation and pH test
    • Impressed Voltage test
    • Weight loss measurement test
    • Conclusion
    • Acknowledgements
    • References
• 31
  • Comprehensive Review on the Influence of Natural Materials in Soil Stabilization
    • Introduction
    • Need for this study
    • Objective of this study
    • Natural Materials with Soil
    • Tamarind Kernel Powder
    • Egg Shell Powder
    • Jaggery and Chebula
    • Rice Husk Ash
    • Natural Materials with Sand
    • Methodology
    • Preparation of Sample
    • Materials
    • Testing of Samples
    • Index Tests
    • Compaction Test
    • Unconfined Compression Strength Test
    • One Dimensional Consolidation Test
    • California Bearing Ratio Test
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 32
  • Geopolymer Concrete Paver Blocks: A Review
    • Introduction
    • Cement Replacement Materials
    • Application of GPC
    • Paver Blocks
    • Literature Review
    • Geopolymer Concrete Paver Properties
    • Mechanical Strength
    • Durability
    • Economic Benefits of Geopolymer Concrete Pavers
    • Applications of Geopolymer Concrete Pavers
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 33
  • Experimental Study on Strength of Concrete using Glass Fiber
    • Introduction
    • Types of Fibres
    • Natural fibre
    • Literature References
    • Objectives
    • Types of Fibre Reinforced Concrete (FRC)
    • Applications
    • Need For Study
    • Methodology
    • Test on Concrete
    • Experimental Investigation
    • I.Compressive strength Test (cube)
    • II. Split Tensile Test (cylinder)
    • III. Flexural strength Test (beam)
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 34
  • Comparative Analysis on Mechanical Properties of Polymer Concrete by using Various Lightweight Aggregates
    • Introduction
    • General
    • Materials
    • Polymer
    • Results and Methods
    • Workability test
    • Mechanical properties
    • Conclusion
    • Reference
• 35
  • Study on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Porous Concrete using Recycled Concrete Aggregate
    • Introduction
    • General
    • Scope of our project
    • Objective
    • Methodology
    • Materials
    • Cement
    • Coarse aggregate
    • Polyvinyl alcohol fibre
    • Experimental programmes
    • Results
    • Compressive strength
    • Split Tensile strength
    • Flexural strength
    • Ultrasonic pulse velocity test
    • Permeability
    • Porosity
    • Conclusion
    • Reference
• 36
  • A Review on Recent Experimental Research on Soil Stabilization
    • Introduction
    • Ground improvement techniques
    • Ground Improvement Technique followed by using Natural Prefabricated Vertical Drains (NPVD)
    • Test results
    • Ground Improvement Technique followed by using natural fiber-based Composite-structured geotextiles
    • Ground Improvement Technique followed by using mechanical stabilization, stabilization by preloading method
    • Ground Improvement Technique for construction on peat
    • Ground Improvement Technique for construction on peat
    • Experimental study on Ground improvement using chemical methods.
    • Experimental study on bearing capacity of geo cell reinforcement in embankments.
    • Experimental study on shear strength of recycled construction materials intended for use in vibro ground improvement.
    • Experimental study on soil improvement using additives.
    • Experimental study on ground improvement techniques involving vibro-compaction, vibro-flotation.
    • Experimental study on bearing capacity of embedded strip foundation on geo grid- reinforced sand.
    • Experimental study on development of ground improvement techniques being introduced in the recent time and old days.
    • Experimental study on Ground improvement techniques by compaction piling
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 37
  • Investigation on Strength Properties of Concrete using Marble Powder for Ecofriendly Environment
    • Introduction
    • Objective
    • Materials and properties
    • Portland Pozzolana cement
    • Fine aggregate
    • Coarse Aggregate
    • Marble powder
    • Water
    • Strength test
    • Compressive strength
    • Split tensile strength
    • Flexural strength
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 38
  • Effect of Damping on Multistory Frame using Response Spectrum
    • Introduction
    • Analytical Investigation
    • Modal Combination
    • Complete quadratic combination (CQC)
    • Square root of sum of squares method (SRSS)
    • Absolute Sum Method (ABSSUM)
    • Structural configuration
    • Results and discussion
    • A. Storey displacement
    • B. Storey Drift
    • C. Storey Shear
    • Conclusions
    • References
• 39
  • Study on Controlled Low Strength Materials using GGBS with Dredged Soil and M-Sand
    • Introduction
    • Literature Review
    • Backfills
    • Structural Fills
    • Utilities Bedding
    • Erosion Control
    • Void filling
    • Methodology
    • Materials
    • Experimental evaluation
    • Mix design for M sand & Dredged soil
    • Test on setting time
    • California Bearing Ratio (CBR)
    • Slump Cone Test
    • Ultrasonic pulse velocity
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 40
  • Utilisation of Sustainable Materials in Geopolymer Composites– A Review
    • Introduction
    • Geopolymerisation process
    • Effect of Filler materials on Geopolymerisation
    • Effect of curing temperature on alkali activator
    • Environmental sustainability
    • Utilization of Nanomaterials in Geopolymer concrete
    • Effect of fibres in geopolymer concrete
    • Applications of geopolymer matrix and concrete
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 41
  • Experimental Investigation on Effects of Bendable Composites on Ductility
    • Introduction
    • Necessity of Ductility Determination
    • Bonding Strength of PVA fibre enhances Ductile Behaviour
    • Toughness of PVA fibre Enhances Ductile Behaviour
    • Test Specimens
    • Test Results and Discussion on Ductility
    • Unreinforced bendable concrete slab
    • Reinforced bendable concrete slab
    • Conventional RC Slab:
    • BC 2 mix RC Slab:
    • Behaviour of BC Mix RC Slab
    • Ultimate load of the BC Mix RC Slab
    • Energy absorption capacity
    • Toughness indices
    • Ductility factor
    • Conclusions
    • References
• 42
  • Moment Resisting Steel Connections for the Improvement of Light Gauge Cold Formed Steel Structures
    • Introduction
    • Connection details
    • Splice connection
    • Un stiffened connection
    • Stiffened Seat Connections
    • Results and discussion
    • Conclusion
    • Reference
• 43
  • Review on Utilizing E-Waste Plastic in Bitumen for Better Strength and Sustainable Environment
    • Introduction
    • Classification of e-waste
    • Generation of e-waste
    • Composition of e-waste
    • Effects of e-waste
    • Management of e-waste
    • Collecting electronic waste plastics
    • The flow diagram of electronic waste plastic management process is given below:
    • Disposing of plastics
    • Rehabilitate its energy
    • Recycling
    • Materials
    • Coarse aggregate
    • Bitumen
    • E-waste
    • Test analysis
    • Ductility test
    • Penetration test
    • Softening point
    • Viscosity test
    • Marshall stability test
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 44
  • Investigation on Strength Properties of Concrete using Steel Slag as a Partial Replacement for Fine Aggregate
    • Introduction
    • Slag
    • Steel slag
    • Literature review
    • Materials
    • Portland cement
    • Aggregates
    • Coarse aggregate
    • Fine aggregate
    • Water
    • Steel slag
    • Methodology
    • Mix design
    • Design stipulation
    • Characteristic compressive strength
    • Test data for materials
    • Compressive strength testing
    • Flexural strength testing
    • Test procedure
    • Split tensile strength testing
    • Test procedure
    • Results and discussion.
    • Slump test
    • Compressive strength
    • Flexural strength
    • Split tensile strength
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 45
  • Experimental Analysis on Utilizing Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as a Replacement for Cement
    • Introduction
    • Research Significance
    • Literature review
    • Methodology
    • Laboratory Investigation
    • Results and Discussion
    • References
• 46
  • Empirical Modeling on Swell Pressure of Clay using Index Properties
    • Introduction
    • Sample Collection
    • Literature review
    • Laboratory Investigation
    • Swell pressure test
    • MATLAB - Curve Fitting Tool
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 47
  • Performance Study on Partial Replacement of Bitumen using Waste Polypropylene Cement Bags for Pavement Construction
    • Introduction
    • Review of Literature
    • Waste Plastic
    • Road Construction Materials:
    • Range of Material Testing Values:
    • Methods and Materials
    • Bitumen
    • Polypropylene
    • Materials Testing
    • Waste Polypropylene
    • Marshall Stability Test
    • Los Angeles Abrasion Test
    • Aggregate Impact Test
    • Addition of Polypropylene to Bitumen and other Aggregates
    • Polypropylene in liquid form
    • Polypropylene in powdered form without using an oxidizing and binding agent
    • Result and Discussion
    • Material Properties
    • Properties of Polypropylene
    • Properties and Function of Coarse Aggregate
    • Properties and Function of Marshall Stability:
    • Properties and Function of Centrifugal Extractor:
    • Properties and Function of Ductility Values:
    • Properties and Function of Penetration Values
    • Partial Replacement of Waste Polypropylene:
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 48
  • Investigating the Possibility of Using Clay and Fly Ash in the Production of Geopolymer Mortar
    • Introduction
    • Experimental procedure
    • Materials:
    • Fly ash
    • M-Sand (manufactured Sand)
    • Clay
    • Alkaline liquids
    • Mix proportions
    • Mixing, casting, and curing:
    • Findings and analysis
    • Compressive strength
    • Acid resistance test
    • Water absorption
    • The table shows that the saturated absorption rate of geopolymer slurries is lower than that of conventional cement slurries. The absorption rate of geopolymer mortar decreases by 15 - 40% after 7 days and 17 - 35% after 14 days. This means that geopo...
    • Residual alkalinity
    • Conclusion
    • References
• 49
  • Performance Assessment of Self Compacting Concrete Incorporating Mineral Admixtures
    • Introduction
    • Experimental investigation
    • Materials
    • Mix Proportions for calculating the strength
    • Casting, curing at 7 and 28 days and workability and Mechanical properties of SCC
    • The Workability and Mechanical properties of various
    • Summary
    • References
• 50
  • Laboratory Studies on the Effectiveness of Quarry Dust and Bottom Ash with Treated Marine Clay for Adaptable Flexible Pavement Sub-Grade
    • Introduction
    • Objectives of the study
    • Materials and Methods
    • Laboratory test results & Discussions
    • Summary
    • References
• back matter
  • Keyword Index
  • About the Editors