"This book provides an insightful analysis from complementary perspectives of the seven-decades-long contest and contestation between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China for diplomatic recognition on the Africa continent. It examines China and Taiwan's presence and active involvement in African affairs"--.

• Cover
• Half Title
• Series Page
• Title Page
• Copyright Page
• Dedication
• Contents
• List of Figures and Tables
  • Figures
  • Tables
• List of Abbreviations
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction
• Part I: Foreign Policy and Their Implications
• Chapter 1: China’s Foreign Policy toward Africa, 1949–2020
  • Introduction
  • The Bandung Conference
  • The Cold War and China’s Three Worlds Theory
  • China after Mao: An Estranged Friend
  • The Return of the Old Friend
  • The Plan of the Red Dragon
  • The Flying Geese Model in Africa
  • The Consequences of China’s Return to Africa
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Chapter 2: China’s Foreign Policy toward Africa, 1949–1971: Africa-China-Taiwan Relations
  • Introduction
  • The PRC and the ROC
  • Sino-Russo-African Relations
  • PRC and the One-China Policy in Africa
  • PRC and South-South Cooperation (SSC)
  • PRC and the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
  • Taiwan and Africa
  • China-Africa Relations
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Chapter 3: China’s Foreign Policy toward Africa, 1949–1970
  • Introduction
  • Situating Africa in China’s Foreign Policy Worldview
  • Formative Years of China’s Africa Policy: Beijing’s Historical Identity and Peaceful Coexistence Strategy
  • The “One China Policy”: A Bid to Block Taiwan in Africa
  • Constructive Policies: China’s Support for African Self-Reliance through Revolution
  • Destructive Ambitions: Challenges to China’s Policy Strategy in Africa
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Chapter 4: Building Community of Practices: China’s Relations with Africa, 1971 to Date
  • Introduction
  • Communities of Practice Approach (CPA)
  • China-Africa Relations, 1971–1990
  • Reinvigoration of China-Africa Relations, 1990–2000
  • Building Community of Practice
    • The FOCAC
    • Diplomacy
    • Trade
    • Investment
    • Aid
    • Peace and Security
    • Cultural Exchanges
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Chapter 5: African Relations with China and Taiwan: A Web of Anticolonialism, Cold War, Recognition Politics, and Debt Trap
  • Introduction
  • Factors That Contributed to the Emergence of Two Chinas
    • Historical Source of the Cold War on China
    • The One-China Foreign Policy of China
  • Factors That Motivated African States to Derecognize Taiwan and Support China
    • Strong Anticolonial and Antiapartheid Sentiments and the Need for Liberation
    • Western Hesitation in Supporting Substantive Infrastructural Development and Modernization of the African Economy
    • The High Interest Rates Charged by Western Governments and Financial Institutions on Financial Loans That Lead to Debt Trap
    • The Caretaker Model of Rulership in Africa
    • The Beggar Syndrome Emanating from Caretakerism
    • The Application of the Doctrine of Expediency by African Rulers to Emphasize National Interest
  • Massive Indebtedness That Threatens States’ Right to Do Business with Taiwan
  • China’s Assertive Efforts to Isolate Taiwan Could Backfire due to Hegemonic Tendencies
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Part II: Issues and Strategies
• Chapter 6: China, Taiwan, and the African University
  • Introduction
  • Thickness: Brief Comment on Theory and Context
  • China and Taiwan on the African Campus
  • Some Implications for the Present and Future
  • Conclusion: Thinking about the Unanswered Questions
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Chapter 7: China’s Emerging Security Diplomacy and Its Implications for Taiwan in Africa
  • Introduction
  • Historical, Diplomatic, and Military Competition between PRC and ROC
  • China’s Evolving Security Practices in Africa
  • Conceptualizing Chinese Security Diplomacy in Africa
    • Influence
    • Alliance Formation
    • Deterrence and Defense
  • Neoclassical Realists’ Explanations
    • First Image Analysis
    • Second Image Analysis
    • Third Image Analysis
  • Implications for Taiwan
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Chapter 8: How Taiwan Lost Africa, and What the Future Holds for Its Last Remaining Alliance with Eswatini
  • Introduction: The African State
  • Taiwan’s Relations with Africa
    • Postindependence and Cold War Relations—Competing with China for UN Support
    • Post–Cold War Relations—Pragmatic Diplomacy
    • Twenty-First-Century Relations—Finding Alternatives
  • Taiwan-Eswatini Relations in Focus
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Chapter 9: The Future of Taiwan: A Brief Commentary
  • Introduction
  • Taiwan and China: An Overview
  • Taiwan in US Intermestic Policy
  • What Awaits Taiwan?
    • The Status Quo
    • Military Invasion
    • Taipei Capitulates
    • International Recognition
    • Unilateral Declaration of Independence?
  • Tricky Problem—Absurd Situation
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Part III: Beijing and Taipei
• Chapter 10: China and Taiwan in Africa: Foreign Direct Investment, Institutions, and Regional Development
  • Introduction
  • Institutions and Mechanisms
  • Geography and Distribution
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Chapter 11: Communist China’s Medical Assistance versus: Nationalist China’s Agricultural Aid to Africa and the Politics of Recognition, 1961–1971
  • Introduction: The Two Chinas in Africa
  • The Cold War Context and the Struggle for Political Hegemony
  • Agricultural versus Medical Assistance and the Politics of Recognition
  • Medical Assistance and Tanzania’s Support for the PRC’s Admission to the UNGA
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Chapter 12: Rereading Nigeria-Taiwan Affairs: Alternatives to Sino-Centric Narratives
  • Introduction
  • Brief Commentary on Africa’s Shifts from Taiwan to China
  • Nigeria-Taiwan Relationship and China
  • Alternative Arguments for Nigeria’s Shift to China
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Chapter 13: Eswatini-Taiwan Relations: Absolute Monarchy, Domestic Audience Absence, and China’s Irrelevance
  • Introduction
  • Overview of Democracy as a Factor in the Formation of Diplomatic Relations with China over Taiwan
  • The Structure of the Eswatini Government
    • State-Society Relations in Eswatini
    • State Responsiveness to Economic Pressures from the Population
  • Eswatini-Taiwan Diplomatic Relations and Economic Trends
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Appendix
  • Appendix Table A.1 Taiwan-Africa and China-Africa Official Diplomatic Relations
  • Appendix Table A.2 Voting for a Change in the Representation of China in the UN
• Index
• About the Editor
• About the Contributors