"The second edition of this practical guide provides a thorough introduction to the essential concepts of clinical neurology. Coverage includes history-taking; the neurological examination and ancillary tests; topical diagnosis and differential diagnosis of typical syndromes; the diseases of the central nervous system, peripheral nerves, autonomic nervous system, and muscles; epilepsy; and inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Central to the book are the lucid structuring of complex contents allowing efficient learning, even without prior knowledge of the subject; and the vital link between theory and clinical practice, with essential information on history-taking, the clinical examination, and additional tests, all supported by informative graphics and appropriate computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging studies. Key Features: - Brilliant format and structure, making the assimilation of complex information easy and efficient - Clear color illustrations and graphics, many new or revised for the second edition - Comprehensive tables expand and organize information on many topics - New to the second edition: complete revision of contents and an enhanced layout - Vast clinical experience of two highly respected university teachers Fundamentals of Neurology: An Illustrated Guide is the ideal introduction to clinical neurology for medical students, physical therapists, and other professionals involved in patient care"--Provided by publisher.

• Fundamentals of Neurology: An Illustrated Guide
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• Foreword
• Preface
• Translator’s Note
• 1 Fundamentals
  • 1.1 Microscopic Anatomy of the Nervous System
    • 1.1.1 Neurons
    • 1.1.2 Neuroglia
    • 1.1.3 Myelin Sheaths
    • 1.1.4 Synapses
  • 1.2 Elements of Neurophysiology
    • 1.2.1 Ion Channels
    • 1.2.2 Resting Potential
    • 1.2.3 Action Potential
    • 1.2.4 Impulse Conduction
  • 1.3 Elements of Neurogenetics
    • 1.3.1 General Genetics
    • 1.3.2 Neurogenetics
    • 1.3.3 Genetic Counseling
• 2 The Clinical Interview in Neurology
  • 2.1 General Principles of History-Taking
    • 2.1.1 General Prerequisites for Good History-Taking
    • 2.1.2 General Principles of the Clinical Interview
    • 2.1.3 Your Demeanor toward the Patient
    • 2.1.4 The History and Physical Examination
  • 2.2 Special Aspects of History-Taking
    • 2.2.1 The Present Illness
    • 2.2.2 Past Medical History, Family History, and Social History
• 3 The Neurologic Examination
  • 3.1 Basic Principles of the Neurologic Examination
  • 3.2 Stance and Gait
    • 3.2.1 General Remarks
    • 3.2.2 Special Stance and Gait Tests
  • 3.3 Head and Cranial Nerves
    • 3.3.1 Head and Cervical Spine
    • 3.3.2 Cranial Nerves
  • 3.4 Upper Limbs
    • 3.4.1 General Aspects
    • 3.4.2 Motor Function and Coordination
    • 3.4.3 Muscle Tone and Strength
    • 3.4.4 Reflexes
    • 3.4.5 Sensation
  • 3.5 Trunk
    • 3.5.1 Back and Spine
    • 3.5.2 Reflexes
    • 3.5.3 Sensation
  • 3.6 Lower Limbs
    • 3.6.1 General Aspects
    • 3.6.2 Coordination and Strength
    • 3.6.3 Reflexes
    • 3.6.4 Sensation
  • 3.7 Autonomic Nervous System
  • 3.8 Neurologically Relevant Aspects of the General Physical Examination
  • 3.9 neuropsychological and Psychiatric Examination
    • 3.9.1 Psychopathologic Findings
    • 3.9.2 neuropsychological Examination
• 4 Ancillary Tests in Neurology
  • 4.1 Fundamentals
  • 4.2 Imaging Studies
    • 4.2.1 Conventional Skeletal Radiographs
    • 4.2.2 Computed Tomography
    • 4.2.3 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    • 4.2.4 Angiography with Radiologic Contrast Media (Digital Subtraction Angiography)
    • 4.2.5 Myelography and Radiculography
    • 4.2.6 Diagnostic Techniques of Nuclear Medicine
  • 4.3 Electrophysiologic Studies
    • 4.3.1 Fundamentals
    • 4.3.2 Electroencephalography
    • 4.3.3 Evoked Potentials
    • 4.3.4 Electromyography
    • 4.3.5 Electroneurography
    • 4.3.6 Other Electrophysiologic Studies
  • 4.4 Ultrasonography (Neurosonography)
  • 4.5 Other Ancillary Studies
    • 4.5.1 Cerebrospinal Fluid Studies
    • 4.5.2 Tissue Biopsies
    • 4.5.3 Perimetry
• 5 Topical Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Neurologic Syndromes
  • 5.1 Fundamentals
  • 5.2 MuscleWeakness and Other Motor Disturbances
    • 5.2.1 Anatomic Substrate of Motor Function
    • 5.2.2 Motor Regulatory Systems
  • 5.3 Sensory Disturbances
    • 5.3.1 Anatomic Substrate of Sensation
    • 5.3.2 The Peripheral Part of the Somatosensory System
    • 5.3.3 The Central Part of the Somatosensory System
  • 5.4 Disturbances of Consciousness
    • 5.4.1 Somnolence, Stupor, and Coma: Severity and Causes
    • 5.4.2 The Differential Diagnosis of Coma
  • 5.5 Dysfunction of Specific Areas of the Brain
    • 5.5.1 Syndromes of the Individual Lobes of the Cerebral Hemispheres
    • 5.5.2 Syndromes of the Extrapyramidal Motor System
    • 5.5.3 Thalamic Syndromes
    • 5.5.4 The Limbic System
    • 5.5.5 Brainstem Syndromes
    • 5.5.6 Cerebellar Syndromes
• 6 Diseases of the Brain and Meninges
  • 6.1 Congenital and Perinatally Acquired Diseases of the Brain
    • 6.1.1 Fundamentals
    • 6.1.2 Cerebral Movement Disorders
    • 6.1.3 Hydrocephalus
    • 6.1.4 Microcephaly
    • 6.1.5 Dysraphic Malformations
    • 6.1.6 Heterotopia
    • 6.1.7 Ulegyria
    • 6.1.8 Phakomatoses
    • 6.1.9 Brain Infections Acquired in Utero
    • 6.1.10 Other Embryopathies
    • 6.1.11 Malformations of the Skull and Craniocervical Junction
    • 6.1.12 Mental Disorders
  • 6.2 Traumatic Brain Injury
    • 6.2.1 Overview
    • 6.2.2 Clinical History and Neurologic Examination
    • 6.2.3 Assessment of Severity; Imaging Studies
    • 6.2.4 Pathophysiology and Clinical Features
    • 6.2.5 Traumatic Hematomas
    • 6.2.6 The Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury
    • 6.2.7 Complications
    • 6.2.8 Prognosis
  • 6.3 Intracranial Pressure
    • 6.3.1 Definition, Etiology, and Pathogenesis
    • 6.3.2 Clinical Features and Diagnostic Evaluation
    • 6.3.3 Complication: Herniation
    • 6.3.4 Treatment
  • 6.4 Brain Tumors
    • 6.4.1 Overview
    • 6.4.2 Astrocytoma and Glioblastoma
    • 6.4.3 Ependymoma
    • 6.4.4 Medulloblastoma and Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors
    • 6.4.5 Oligodendroglioma
    • 6.4.6 Meningioma
    • 6.4.7 Lymphoma
    • 6.4.8 Pituitary Tumors
    • 6.4.9 Malformations and Hamartomatous Tumors
    • 6.4.10 Neurinomas
    • 6.4.11 Brain Metastases
  • 6.5 Cerebral Ischemia and Ischemic Stroke
    • 6.5.1 Overview
    • 6.5.2 Anatomy and Pathophysiology
    • 6.5.3 The Classification of Cerebral Ischemia by Severity
    • 6.5.4 Etiology, Risk Factors, and Primary Prophylaxis
    • 6.5.5 The Dynamic Time Course of Cerebral Ischemia
    • 6.5.6 Infarct Types
    • 6.5.7 Clinical Stroke Syndromes
    • 6.5.8 Diagnostic Evaluation
    • 6.5.9 Treatment of Ischemic Stroke
    • 6.5.10 Special Types of Cerebral Ischemia
  • 6.6 Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage
    • 6.6.1 Intracerebral Hemorrhage
    • 6.6.2 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
  • 6.7 Infectious Diseases of the Brain and Meninges
    • 6.7.1 Overview
    • 6.7.2 Acute Bacterial Meningitis
    • 6.7.3 Acute Viral Meningitis: Aseptic or Lymphocytic Meningitis
    • 6.7.4 Chronic Meningitis
    • 6.7.5 Bacterial (Meningo)encephalitis: Spirochetal Infections
    • 6.7.6 Viral Encephalitis
    • 6.7.7 Fungal Encephalitis
    • 6.7.8 Parasitic and Protozoal Encephalitis
    • 6.7.9 Encephalitis in Prion Diseases: Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease
    • 6.7.10 Slow Virus Diseases
    • 6.7.11 Intracranial Abscesses
  • 6.8 Metabolic Disorders and Systemic Diseases Affecting the Nervous System
    • 6.8.1 Congenital Metabolic Disorders
    • 6.8.2 Intoxications and Alcohol-Induced Disturbances of the Nervous System
    • 6.8.3 Endocrine Diseases
    • 6.8.4 Gastrointestinal Diseases
    • 6.8.5 Hematologic Diseases
    • 6.8.6 Collagen Diseases and Immune Diseases
    • 6.8.7 Paraneoplastic Syndromes
    • 6.8.8 Limbic Encephalitis
    • 6.8.9 Renal Failure and Electrolyte Disturbances
  • 6.9 Parkinson Disease and Other Hypertonic–Hypokinetic Syndromes
    • 6.9.1 Overview
    • 6.9.2 Parkinson Disease (Idiopathic Parkinson Syndrome)
    • 6.9.3 Symptomatic Parkinsonian Syndromes
    • 6.9.4 Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
    • 6.9.5 Multisystem Atrophy
    • 6.9.6 Corticobasal Degeneration
    • 6.9.7 Lewy Body Dementia
  • 6.10 Chorea, Athetosis, Ballism, Dystonia: Hyperkinetic Syndromes
    • 6.10.1 HuntingtonChorea
    • 6.10.2 Chorea Minor (Sydenham Chorea)
    • 6.10.3 Athetosis
    • 6.10.4 Ballism
    • 6.10.5 Dystonic Syndromes
    • 6.10.6 Essential Tremor and Other Types of Tremor
  • 6.11 Cerebellar Diseases and Other Conditions Causing Ataxia
    • 6.11.1 Overview
    • 6.11.2 Selected Types of Ataxia
  • 6.12 Dementia
    • 6.12.1 Overview: The Dementia Syndrome
    • 6.12.2 Alzheimer Disease (Senile Dementia of Alzheimer Type)
    • 6.12.3 Treatment and Prognosis
    • 6.12.4 Dementia with Lewy Bodies
    • 6.12.5 Frontotemporal Dementia (PickDisease)
    • 6.12.6 Vascular Dementia: SAE-Associated Dementia and Multi-Infarct Dementia
    • 6.12.7 Dementia due to Malresorptive Hydrocephalus
• 7 Diseases of the Spinal Cord
  • 7.1 Overview
    • 7.1.1 Anatomy
    • 7.1.2 The Main Spinal Cord Syndromes and Their Anatomic Localization
    • 7.1.3 Further Diagnostic Evaluation of Spinal Cord Lesions
  • 7.2 Spinal Cord Trauma
  • 7.3 Slowly Progressive Spinal Cord Compression
    • 7.3.1 Spinal Cord Tumors
    • 7.3.2 Myelopathy due to Cervical Spondylosis
    • 7.3.3 Syringomyelia and Syringobulbia
  • 7.4 Spinal Cord Ischemia and Hemorrhage
    • 7.4.1 Blood Supply of the Spinal Cord
    • 7.4.2 Arterial Hypoperfusion
    • 7.4.3 Impaired Venous Drainage
    • 7.4.4 Hemorrhage in or adjacent to the Spinal Cord
  • 7.5 Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases of the Spinal Cord
    • 7.5.1 Myelitis
    • 7.5.2 Spinal Abscesses
  • 7.6 Diseases Mainly Affecting the Long Tracts of the Spinal Cord
    • 7.6.1 Overview
    • 7.6.2 Friedreich Ataxia
    • 7.6.3 Familial Spastic Spinal Paralysis
    • 7.6.4 Funicular Myelosis
  • 7.7 Diseases of the Anterior Horns
    • 7.7.1 Overview
    • 7.7.2 Spinal Muscular Atrophies
    • 7.7.3 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
• 8 Multiple Sclerosis and Other Autoimmune Diseases of the Central Nervous System
  • 8.1 Fundamentals
  • 8.2 Multiple Sclerosis
  • 8.3 Other Autoimmune Diseases of the CNS
    • 8.3.1 Neuromyelitis Optica
    • 8.3.2 Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
    • 8.3.3 Behçet Disease
    • 8.3.4 Subacute Myelo-Optic Neuropathy
    • 8.3.5 Other Autoimmune Diseases
• 9 Epilepsy and Its Differential Diagnosis
  • 9.1 Fundamentals
    • 9.1.1 Classification of the Epilepsies
    • 9.1.2 Practical Clinical Management of a Suspected Epileptic Seizure
  • 9.2 Generalized Seizures
    • 9.2.1 Tonic–Clonic Seizures (Earlier Term: “Grand Mal Epilepsy”)
    • 9.2.2 Absences (Earlier Term: “Petit Mal Epilepsy”)
    • 9.2.3 Atypical Absences and Other Types of Epilepsy in Childhood
  • 9.3 Focal (Partial) Seizures
    • 9.3.1 Focal Seizures without Altered Consciousness
    • 9.3.2 Focal Seizures with Altered Consciousness (Earlier Term, “Complex Partial Seizures;” Current Term, “Dyscognitive Seizures”)
  • 9.4 Status Epilepticus
  • 9.5 Episodic Neurologic Disturbances of Nonepileptic Origin
    • 9.5.1 Nonepileptic Psychogenic Seizures
    • 9.5.2 Episodic Disturbances with Brief Impairment of Consciousness and Falling
    • 9.5.3 Episodic Falling without Impairment of Consciousness
    • 9.5.4 Episodic Impairment of Consciousness without Falling
    • 9.5.5 Episodic Movement Disorders without Impairment of Consciousness
    • 9.5.6 Episodic Impairment of Memory and Confusion
• 10 Sleep and Its Abnormalities
  • 10.1 Shortened Sleep Duration and Abnormal Sleep–Wake Rhythm
  • 10.2 Insomnia
    • 10.2.1 General Principles
    • 10.2.2 Restless Legs Syndrome
  • 10.3 Hypersomnia and Excessive Daytime Somnolence
    • 10.3.1 Sleep Apnea Syndrome
    • 10.3.2 Narcolepsy–Cataplexy Syndrome
    • 10.3.3 Kleine–Levin–Critchley Syndrome
    • 10.3.4 Other Causes of Daytime Fatigue and Somnolence
  • 10.4 Abnormal Movements in Sleep (Parasomnias)
• 11 Polyradiculopathy and Polyneuropathy
  • 11.1 Fundamentals
  • 11.2 Polyradiculitis
    • 11.2.1 Guillain–Barré Syndrome
    • 11.2.2 Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating (Recurrent) Polyneuropathy
    • 11.2.3 Cranial Polyradiculitis
    • 11.2.4 Polyradiculitis of the Cauda Equina
  • 11.3 Polyneuropathy
    • 11.3.1 Particular Etiologic Types of Polyneuropathy
• 12 Diseases of the Cranial Nerves
  • 12.1 Disturbances of Smell (Olfactory Nerve)
  • 12.2 Neurologic Disturbances of Vision (Optic Nerve)
    • 12.2.1 Visual Field Defects
    • 12.2.2 Impairment of Visual Acuity
  • 12.3 Disturbances of Ocular and Pupillary Motility
    • 12.3.1 The General Principles of Eye Movements
    • 12.3.2 Nystagmus
    • 12.3.3 Supranuclear Oculomotor Disturbances
    • 12.3.4 Lesions of the Nerves to the Eye Muscles and Their Brainstem Nuclei
    • 12.3.5 Ptosis
    • 12.3.6 Pupillary Disturbances
  • 12.4 Lesions of the Trigeminal Nerve
  • 12.5 Lesions of the Facial Nerve
    • 12.5.1 Topical Classification of Facial Palsy
    • 12.5.2 Etiologic Classification of Facial Palsy
  • 12.6 Disturbances of Hearing and Balance: Vertigo
    • 12.6.1 Neurologic Disturbances of Hearing
    • 12.6.2 Disequilibrium and Vertigo
  • 12.7 Lesions of the Glossopharyngeal and Vagus Nerves
  • 12.8 Lesions of the Accessory Nerve
  • 12.9 Lesions of the Hypoglossal Nerve
  • 12.10 Multiple Cranial Nerve Deficits
• 13 Diseases of the Spinal Nerve Roots and Peripheral Nerves
  • 13.1 Radicular Syndromes
    • 13.1.1 Overview
    • 13.1.2 Radicular Syndromes due to Intervertebral Disk Herniation
    • 13.1.3 Radicular Syndromes due to Spinal Stenosis
    • 13.1.4 Radicular Syndromes due to Space-Occupying Lesions
  • 13.2 Peripheral Nerve Lesions
    • 13.2.1 Overview
    • 13.2.2 Diseases of the Brachial Plexus
    • 13.2.3 Diseases of the Peripheral Nerves of the Upper Limbs
    • 13.2.4 Diseases of the Nerves of the Trunk
    • 13.2.5 Diseases of the Lumbosacral Plexus
    • 13.2.6 Diseases of the Peripheral Nerves of the Lower Limbs
• 14 Painful Syndromes
  • 14.1 Fundamentals
    • 14.1.1 The Generation and Perception of Pain
    • 14.1.2 General Aspects of the Clinical History in Patients with Pain
  • 14.2 Painful Syndromes of the Head and Neck
    • 14.2.1 IHS Classification of Headache
    • 14.2.2 Approach to the Patient with Headache
    • 14.2.3 The Main Types of Primary Headache
    • 14.2.4 The Main Types of Secondary Headache
  • 14.3 Painful Syndromes of the Face
    • 14.3.1 Neuralgias
    • 14.3.2 Pain in the Face Caused by Diseases of the Teeth and Jaws
    • 14.3.3 Atypical Facial Pain
    • 14.3.4 Further Types of Facial Pain
    • 14.3.5 Differential Diagnosis of Headache and Facial Pain
  • 14.4 Painful Shoulder–Arm Syndromes
    • 14.4.1 Spondylogenic (Cervicogenic) Shoulder and Arm Pain
    • 14.4.2 Degenerative and Rheumatic Shoulder and Arm Pain
    • 14.4.3 Neurogenic Arm Pain
    • 14.4.4 Vasogenic Arm Pain
    • 14.4.5 Arm Pain of Overuse
    • 14.4.6 Other Types of Arm Pain
  • 14.5 Pain in the Trunk and Back
    • 14.5.1 Thoracic and Abdominal Wall Pain
    • 14.5.2 Back Pain
    • 14.5.3 Groin Pain
  • 14.6 Leg Pain
  • 14.7 Pseudoradicular Pain
• 15 Diseases of Muscle (Myopathies)
  • 15.1 Structure and Function of Muscle
    • 15.1.1 Microscopic Anatomy of Muscle
    • 15.1.2 Physiology of Muscle Contraction
    • 15.1.3 Impulse Transmission at the Motor End Plate and Impulse Conduction in the Muscle Fiber
  • 15.2 General Symptomatology
  • 15.3 Muscular Dystrophies
    • 15.3.1 Hereditary Muscular Dystrophies of X-chromosomal Inheritance— Dystrophinopathies
    • 15.3.2 Hereditary Muscular Dystrophies of Autosomal Inheritance
    • 15.3.3 Rarer Types of Muscular Dystrophy
  • 15.4 Myotonic Syndromes and Periodic Paralysis Syndromes
    • 15.4.1 Diseases Mainly Causing Myotonia
    • 15.4.2 Diseases Causing Periodic Paralysis
  • 15.5 Metabolic Myopathies
    • 15.5.1 Acute Rhabdomyolysis
    • 15.5.2 Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies
  • 15.6 Myositis
    • 15.6.1 Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis
  • 15.7 Other Diseases Affecting Muscle
    • 15.7.1 Myopathies due to Systemic Disease
    • 15.7.2 Congenital Myopathies
  • 15.8 Disturbances of Neuromuscular Transmission—Myasthenic Syndromes
    • 15.8.1 Myasthenia Gravis
    • 15.8.2 Lambert–Eaton Syndrome
    • 15.8.3 Rare Myasthenia-like Syndromes
• 16 Diseases of the Autonomic Nervous System
  • 16.1 Anatomy
    • 16.1.1 Sympathetic Nervous System
    • 16.1.2 Parasympathetic Nervous System
  • 16.2 Normal and Pathologic Function of the Autonomic Nervous System
    • 16.2.1 Sweating
    • 16.2.2 Bladder, Bowel, and Sexual Function
    • 16.2.3 The Cervical Sympathetic Pathway and Horner Syndrome
    • 16.2.4 Generalized Autonomic Dysfunction
• Index