Authored by two world-renowned pioneers in the field of spinal surgery, Modern Management of Spinal Deformities: A Theoretical, Practical, and Evidence-Based Text covers the range of spinal deformities-emphasizing scoliosis-and their etiologies, including idiopathic, congenital, neuromuscular, tumors, neurofibromatosis, and more. All too often in other works, too much attention has been focused on how to put in metalwork, without sufficiently discussing the what, when, and why. Authors Dickson and Harms provide a wealth of knowledge through experience that shows how important newer therapeutic.

• Modern Management of Spinal Deformities: A Theoretical, Practical, and Evidence-based Text
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• Foreword
• Preface
• Acknowledgments
• About the Authors
• 1. The Beginnings of Surgery for Spinal Deformities
  • 1.1 The Early Days
  • 1.2 Posterior Instrumentation
  • 1.3 Anterior Instrumentation
  • References
• 2. Basic Principles
  • 2.1 Definitions and Terminology
    • 2.1.1 Planes and Deformities
    • 2.1.2 Nonstructural and Structural Deformities
  • 2.2 Curve Characteristics
    • 2.2.1 Named Vertebrae
    • 2.2.2 Curve Size
    • 2.2.3 Vertebral Rotation
    • 2.2.4 Curve Patterns
  • 2.3 Spinal Growth
    • 2.3.1 Indices of Maturity
    • 2.3.2 Measurement of Bone Age
    • 2.3.3 Centile Charts
  • 2.4 Classification of Spinal Deformities
  • 2.5 Primary, Progressive, or Structural Deformities
    • 2.5.1 Idiopathic Deformities
    • 2.5.2 Congenital Deformities
    • 2.5.3 Neuromuscular Deformities
    • 2.5.4 Deformities due to Neurofibromatosis
    • 2.5.5 Miscellaneous Conditions Associated with Spine Deformities
    • 2.5.6 Miscellaneous Conditions in which a Spinal Deformity Is Common
  • 2.6 Secondary, Nonprogressive or Nonstructural Deformities
    • 2.6.1 Pelvic Tilt Scoliosis
    • 2.6.2 Irritative Lesions
    • 2.6.3 Hysterical Scoliosis
    • References
• 3. The Etiology of Spinal Deformities
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 The Development of Idiopathic Scoliosis
  • 3.3 Experimental Models
  • 3.4 What Pathogenesis Tells Us about Treatment
    • 3.4.1 Surgical Treatment of Spinal Deformities
  • References
• 4. Idiopathic Scoliosis
  • 4.1 Epidemiology of Late-Onset Idiopathic Scoliosis
    • 4.1.1 Scoliosis in the Community
  • 4.2 Screening for Scoliosis
    • 4.2.1 Definitions and Criteria
    • 4.2.2 Natural History
  • 4.3 Late-Onset Idiopathic Scoliosis
    • 4.3.1 Clinical Presentation and Evaluation
    • 4.3.2 Classification
    • 4.3.3 Treatment
    • 4.3.4 Radiological Evaluation
    • 4.3.5 Specific Curve Patterns
  • 4.4 The Adolescent with the Bigger Curve
    • 4.4.1 Intraoperative Traction
    • 4.4.2 Anterior Multiple Diskectomy
  • 4.5 Osteotomies
    • 4.5.1 Smith-Peterson Osteotomy
    • 4.5.2 Ponte Osteotomies
    • 4.5.3 Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomy
    • 4.5.4 Apical Vertebral Resection
  • 4.6 Early-Onset Idiopathic Scoliosis
    • 4.6.1 Clinical Features
    • 4.6.2 EDF Cast Treatment
    • 4.6.3 Operative Treatment
    • 4.6.4 Other Methods of Growth Modulation
  • Case Gallery
    • Case 1: The Value of Anterior Multiple Diskectomy
    • Case 2: Anterior Instrumentation Only; Lenke 1 AR
    • Case 3: Anterior Instrumentation Only; Lenke 1b
    • Case 4: Anterior Instrumentation Only; Lenke 1b
    • Case 5: Posterior Instrumentation Only; King 4, Lenke 1
    • Case 6: Posterior Instrumentation Only; Lenke 1c
    • Case 7: Combined—Anterior Diskectomy Then Posterior Instrumentation; Lenke 1AL
    • Case 8: Combined—Anterior Diskectomy Then Posterior Instrumentation; Lenke 1AL
    • Case 9: Thoracolumbar/Lumbar; Single Lenke 5
    • Case 10: Double Curves; Lenke 6
    • Case 11: Double Thoracic/Lumbar; Lenke 3
    • Case 12
  • References
• 5. Scheuermann’s Disease
  • 5.1 Pathogenesis
  • 5.2 Clinical Diagnosis
  • 5.3 Radiological Diagnosis
  • 5.4 Management
    • 5.4.1 Conservative Treatment
    • 5.4.2 Surgical Treatment
  • References
• 6. Congenital Deformities
  • 6.1 Etiology of Congenital Spine Anomalies
    • 6.1.1 Normal Development of Axial Structures
    • 6.1.2 Theories of the Developmental Basis of Deformities
    • 6.1.3 The Pathogenesis of Congenital Vertebral Malformations
  • 6.2 The Clinical Spectrum of Deformity
  • 6.3 Congenital Bone Anomalies
    • 6.3.1 Congenital Scoliosis
  • 6.4 Practice Point
    • 6.4.1 Preoperative
    • 6.4.2 Surgical Technique
  • 6.5 Congenital Kyphosis
    • 6.5.1 Natural History
    • 6.5.2 Congenital Cord Deformities
  • 6.6 Congenital Lordosis
  • 6.7 Spinal Dysraphism
    • 6.7.1 Tethered Conus
  • 6.8 Congenital Spinal Deformity Syndromes
    • 6.8.1 Klippel-Feil Syndrome
    • 6.8.2 VACTERL Association
    • 6.8.3 Thoracic Insufficiency Syndrome
    • 6.8.4 Conditions Associated with Congenital Spine Deformities
  • Case Gallery
    • Case 1: Multiple Hemivertebrae—T1, T8, T11
    • Case 2: Hemivertebrae Plus Contralateral Bar
    • Case 3: Lower Lumbar/Lumbosacral Anomalies
    • Case 4: Thoracic Meningocele
  • References
• 7. Neuromuscular Deformities
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Cerebral Palsy
    • 7.2.1 General Orthopaedic Principles
    • 7.2.2 The Spine in Cerebral Palsy
  • 7.3 Poliomyelitis
    • 7.3.1 The Spine in Poliomyelitis
  • 7.4 The True Neuromuscular Diseases of Childhood
    • 7.4.1 Spinal Muscular Atrophy
  • 7.5 Peripheral Neuropathies, Friedreich’s Ataxia, and Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
    • 7.5.1 The Peripheral Neuropathies
    • 7.5.2 The Muscular Dystrophies
    • 7.5.3 Congenital Myopathies
    • 7.5.4 Familial Dysautonomia
    • 7.5.5 Malignant Hyperpyrexia
  • 7.6 Scoliosis in the True Neuromuscular Diseases
    • 7.6.1 Spinal Muscular Atrophy
  • 7.7 The Other True Neuromuscular Diseases
  • 7.8 Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
  • Case Gallery
    • Case 1
  • References
• 8. Deformities Associated with Neurofibromatosis
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Axial Skeletal Lesions in Neurofibromatosis
  • 8.3 Spinal Deformities in Neurofibromatosis
    • 8.3.1 Pattern of Deformity
    • 8.3.2 Neurological Involvement
  • 8.4 Management of Spinal Deformities in Neurofibromatosis
    • 8.4.1 Scoliosis
    • 8.4.2 Kyphosis
  • 8.5 Cervical and Cervicothoracic Spine Deformities
  • Case Gallery
    • Case 1: Thoracolumbar Kyphosis
  • References
• 9. Spinal Deformity due to Tumors
  • 9.1 Intradural Tumors
    • 9.1.1 Clinical Features
    • 9.1.2 Investigations
    • 9.1.3 Treatment of Intramedullary Tumors
  • 9.2 Syringomyelia
    • 9.2.1 Spinal Deformity in Association with Intradural Neoplasms and Syringomyelia
    • 9.2.2 Management of the Scoliosis Associated with Intradural Neoplasms and Syringomyelia
    • 9.2.3 Deformities Associated with the Treatment of Intradural Tumors
    • 9.2.4 Treatment of the Postlaminectomy Kyphosis in Association with Intradural Tumors
  • 9.3 Extradural Tumors
    • 9.3.1 Osteoid Osteoma and Osteoblastoma
    • 9.3.2 Giant Cell Tumor
  • 9.4 Tumor-like Lesions
    • 9.4.1 Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
    • 9.4.2 Eosinophilic Granuloma
  • References
• 10. Miscellaneous Conditions Associated with Spine Deformities
  • 10.1 Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue
    • 10.1.1 Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Brittle Bone Syndrome
    • 10.1.2 Marfan Syndrome
    • 10.1.3 Mucopolysaccharidoses
    • 10.1.4 MPS IV: Morquio’s Syndrome
  • 10.2 Skeletal Dysplasias
    • 10.2.1 Achondroplasia
    • 10.2.2 Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Tarda
  • References
• 11. Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis
  • 11.1 Introduction
  • 11.2 Etiology and Radiology
    • 11.2.1 Dysplastic
    • 11.2.2 Isthmic
    • 11.2.3 Degenerative
    • 11.2.4 Traumatic
    • 11.2.5 Pathological
  • 11.3 The Terminology and Measurement of Spondylolisthesis
  • 11.4 The Marchetti and Bartolozzi (M-B) Classification
  • 11.5 Mac-Thiong and Labelle’s Classification
  • 11.6 Clinical Features and Treatment
    • 11.6.1 Dysplastic Spondylolisthesis
  • 11.7 Practice Points
    • 11.7.1 Reduction, Fixation, and Fusion of Severe Dysplastic Spondylolisthesis
  • 11.8 Intertransverse Fusion
    • 11.8.1 Spondylolysis
    • 11.8.2 Isthmic Spondylolisthesis
    • 11.8.3 Degenerative Spondylolisthesis
    • 11.8.4 Pathological Spondylolisthesis
  • References
• Index