Metaphor has recently been reconceptualised as a fundamental part of the human conceptual system. It can hence be expressed in language but also in other modalities and media of communication, including gesture and body language, sound and music, and film and visuals. In spite of this theoretical landslide, however, the wide range of nonverbal metaphor and its processing has neither been empirically investigated on the same scale nor with the same rigour as metaphor in language. The overarching goal of this book is to report on the findings of a research program aimed at exploiting the vast cognitive linguistic and psycholinguistic expertise on metaphor in language for a new, behaviourally founded approach to the structure and processes of metaphor in one of these nonverbal manifestations, namely static visuals. The book presents concepts and methods for the identification and analysis of metaphor in document structure as well as new approaches to the study of visual metaphor processing. Its results are intended to further the development of an encompassing and robust cognitive-scientific theory of metaphor by including visual metaphor while also enriching our understanding of the communicative possibilities and effects of visual metaphor in multimodal discourse.

• Visual Metaphor
• Editorial page
• Title page
• LCC data
• Table of contents
• Preface
• Chapter 1. Introduction
  • References
• Part I. Structure
• Chapter 2. Ways with pictures: Visual incongruities and metaphor
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Visual incongruities: Three examples
  • 2.3 Visual incongruities defined
  • 2.4 Incongruity resolution
  • 2.5 Closing remarks
  • References
• Chapter 3. VISMIP: Towards a method for visual metaphor identification
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 VISMIP: Conceptualization
  • 3.3 VISMIP: Operationalization
  • 3.4 VISMIP: Application
  • References
  • Appendix. Wu and Barsalou’s (2009) taxonomy of properties (see Section 3.3.2)
• Chapter 4. VisMet 1.0: An online corpus of visual metaphors
  • 4.1 The VisMet corpus
  • 4.2 Theoretical background and related work
  • 4.3 Analyzing images in Vismet
  • 4.4 The VisMet website
  • 4.5 VisMet 1.0 and its future
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
• Part II. Process
• Chapter 5. Behavioral evidence for VISMIP
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Method
  • 5.3 General understanding
  • 5.4 Units of analysis and finding incongruity
  • 5.5 Testing the need for comparison and testing non-literal meaning
  • 5.6 Potential explanation by cross-domain mapping
  • 5.7 Conclusion
  • References
• Chapter 6. How visual form affects metaphoric conceptualization: The role of shape similarity
  • 6.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Formal differences between verbal and visual metaphor
  • 6.3 Juxtaposition as a visual syntactic template
  • 6.4 Shape Similarity
  • 6.5 Study 1
  • 6.6 Study 2
  • 6.7 Conclusion
  • References
• Chapter 7. Conventionality in visual metaphor
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Conceptual Metaphor Theory and the role of conventionality
  • 7.3 Metaphor processing: The career of metaphor
  • 7.4 The career of visual metaphor
  • 7.5 General conclusion
  • Acknowledgements
  • References
• Chapter 8. Conclusion
  • 8.1 Discussion of the research presented in this book
  • 8.2 Further research
  • References
• Index