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Handbook of terminology ;.
Handbook of terminology. Volume 2,. Terminology in the Arab world /. — v. 2. / edited by Abied Alsulaiman, KU Leuven, Ahmed Allaithy, American University of Sharjah. — 1 online resource : color illustrations. — (Handbook of terminology). — <URL:http://elib.fa.ru/ebsco/2000611.pdf>.

Record create date: 5/26/2021

Subject: Arabic language — Translating.; Arabic language — Terms and phrases.; Languages.; Arabic language.; Arabic language — Translating.; Language teaching & learning.; Languages.; LANGUAGE ARTS & DISCIPLINES — General.

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Table of Contents

  • Handbook of Terminology, Volume 2. Terminology in the Arab world
  • Editorial page
  • Title page
  • Copyright page
  • Table of contents
  • Introduction
    • References
  • 1. The history of Arabic lexicography and terminology
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Beginnings of grammar
    • 3. Beginnings of lexicography
      • 3.1 Al-Halīl ’Ibn ’Aḥmad Al-Farāhīdī
      • 3.2 Al-Farāhīdī’s dictionary
    • 4. Selection of entries
    • 5. Arrangement of entries
      • 5.1 Phonologically-based alphabet with root permutation
      • 5.2 Normal alphabetical order with root permutation
      • 5.3 Rhyme order
      • 5.4 Normal alphabetical arrangement
    • 6. Arrangement of sub-entries
    • 7. The arrangement of senses
    • 8. Types of information provided in Arabic dictionaries
      • 8.1 Phonological information
      • 8.2 Grammatical information
      • 8.3 Encyclopedic information
      • 8.4 Illustrative quotations
    • 9. Descriptive or prescriptive dictionaries
    • 10. Western contribution to Arabic lexicography
    • 11. Specialized terminological dictionaries
      • 11.1 Special dictionaries
        • 11.1.1 Fī ḥudūd Al-’ašyā’ wa Rusūmihā
        • 11.1.2 Kitāb Al-ḥurūf
        • 11.1.3 Risālat Al-ḥudūd
        • 11.1.4 ’Ihwān Al-ṣafā’s monograph
        • 11.1.5 Al-mubīn
      • 11.2 General terminological dictionaries
        • 11.2.1 Mafātīḥ Al-culūm
        • 11.2.2 Al-tacrīfāt
        • 11.2.3 Al-kulliyāt
        • 11.2.4 The Indians’ contributions
    • 12. Arabic dictionaries at present
    • 13. Conclusion
    • Acknowledgment
    • References
  • 2. Terminology standardization in the Arab world
    • 1. Introduction: The problem
    • 2. Causes of the terminological problem
    • 3. Why standardization?
    • 4. Standardization or unification?
    • 5. Arabic efforts in the field of terminology standardization
    • 6. Involvement in International Standards Organizations
    • 7. General evaluation of terminological work in the Arab world
    • 8. A viable comprehensive model of term evaluation
      • A. Linguistic criteria
      • 1. Correct linguistic usage
      • B. Terminological criteria
      • 2. Economy, concision or morphological singularity of form
      • 3. Transparency and clarity
      • 4. Frequency or widespread use
      • 5. Unequivocalness
      • 6. Productivity and systematicness
      • 7. Consistency
      • C. Socio- and psycho-terminological criteria
      • C1. Psycho-terminological criteria.
      • 8. Familiarity
      • 9. Credibility and prestige
      • C2. Socio-terminological criteria.
      • 10. Snobbism, fashion and the role of established linguistic usage
      • 11. Lack of undesirable interference from the vernaculars
      • 12. Maximum distinctiveness
      • D. Aesthetic criteria
      • 13. Aesthetic considerations
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • 3. Terminology and translation in Arabic
    • 1. Incidence of terms in general dictionaries
    • 2. Terminology creation and forms of translation
    • 3. Translation and terminology creation
    • 4. Terminology creation processes
      • Borrowing
      • Semantic neologisms
      • Formal neologisms
      • Creation of new roots
      • Creation outside the norms
    • 5. Translation and Arabic terminology problems
      • Proliferation of terms
      • Polysemy of terms
      • Overlapping terms
      • Inappropriate equivalents
      • Inappropriate reuse of traditional terminology
      • Idealization of European terminology
      • Similar problems and size difference
      • Confusion between term and concept
      • Approaches followed by translators and terminologists
      • Inadequate treatment of polysemy in dictionaries
      • Terminology and direct translation: A fill-in-the-blanks exercise
    • 6. Conclusion
    • References
  • 4. Medical terminology in the Western world
    • 1. Historical background of medical terminology
    • 2. Medical language
    • 3. Challenges related to medical language
    • 4. Medical nomenclatures, clinical terminologies and coding systems
      • 4.1 Medical nomenclatures
        • 4.1.1 The anatomical nomenclature
        • 4.1.2 Nosological nomenclature and clinical terminologies
      • 4.2 Coding and classification systems
      • 4.3 Combined system: Medical terminology and coding system
      • 4.4 Metathesaurus
      • 4.5 Indexing system
      • 4.6 MEDLINE
    • 5. Recent national and international medical terminology standardization activities
    • 6. Science popularization and lay-friendliness in health information texts
    • 7. Summary
    • 8. Conclusions
    • References
  • 5. Medical terminology in the Arab world
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. Current state of Arabic health and medical terminology
      • 2.1 Methods of producing medical and health terms
        • 2.1.1 Arabic linguistic heritage as a source of terms
        • 2.1.2 Term production by derivation
        • 2.1.3 Term production by translation
        • 2.1.4 Term production by metaphor or semantic extension
        • 2.1.5 Term production by blending, acronymy and compounding
        • 2.1.6 Lexical arabization
      • 2.2 Failure of the political decisions to impose new terminology
      • 2.3 Curricula of medical terminology
      • 2.4 Deficiencies in modern Arabic health and medical terminology
        • 2.4.1 Lack of agreement on a clear methodology for producing health and medical terms
        • 2.4.2 Simple chaos in medical and health terminology
        • 2.4.3 Complex chaos in medical terminology due to calls for standardization
    • 3. Developments in Arabic health and medical terminology
      • 3.1 Individual responses to problems in medical and health terminology
      • 3.2 The response of Arabic Language Academies to terminological problems
      • 3.3 The role of institutions in producing terms
      • 3.4 The role of Arabization conferences
      • 3.5 Standardizing health and medical terminology
        • 3.5.1 Standardizing term formation methodologies
        • 3.5.2 Standardizing health and medical terms
    • 4. The acceptability of health and medical terms
    • 5. The unified medical dictionary: A success story
    • 6. Conclusion and future prospects
    • References
  • 6. The dilemma of legal terminology in the Arab World
    • 1. Status of terminology and translation in the Arab World
    • 2. Problems facing Arabic legal translators
    • 3. Lack of uniformity
    • 4. Differences within the same legal system
    • 5. Translator’s lack of familiarity with legal terms
    • Anchor 53
    • 7. Strategies for translating legal terms
      • 7.1 Functional equivalence
      • 7.2 Formal equivalence
      • 7.3 Borrowing
      • 7.4 Paraphrasing
      • 7.5 Foreignizing and domestication
    • 8. Conclusion
    • Anchor 61
  • 7. There is nothing like Him: A syntactic, semantic, rhetorical and translational analysis of Qur’anic terminology
    • Syntactic aspects
    • Concept of God
      • God in Sikh scripture
      • God in Zoroastrian scripture
      • God in Jewish scripture
      • God in Christian scripture
      • God in the Qur’an
    • There is nothing like Him
    • 1. The ka and mitl connections
    • Conclusion
    • References
    • Appendix 1
  • 8. Sufi terminology and aspects of interaction with symbols
    • Introduction
    • The function of symbols between two different fields
    • Sending and receiving symbols
    • The rationale for using symbols
    • Dimensions and prospects of symbols
    • Position of symbols within the hierarchy of genres
    • The relationship between the symbol and the sign
    • Interference between the symbol and the word in Sufi discourse
    • Interference between the symbol and the signal
    • The symbol between the challenges of expression and indication
    • Between a symbol and a puzzle
    • The relationship between symbols and divine secrets
    • Disclosing the hidden aspects of terms/symbols has purely educational motives
    • The power of symbols
    • Relativity of recognizing the semantic dimensions of symbols
    • Disadvantages of the deconstructive approach to symbols
    • Imagination is an essential source in the generation of symbols
    • Standards for understanding the dimensions of Sufi Symbols
    • Openness of the Sufi discourse and the wide horizons of interpretation
    • Existence is the common factor of the various patterns of symbols
    • Levels of symbolism in Sufi terminology
    • The contextually-dependent semantic dimensions of symbols
    • Orientalists’ methodologies in dealing with the terminological conventions of Ahl at-Ṭariq
    • Massignon’s terminological research methodology in compiling the dictionary of technical terms
    • Massignon’s interest in Sufi terminology
    • The term ‘Will’
    • The spiritual peculiarity of the concept ‘Will’
    • Mind and spirit: Between material and spiritual tendencies
    • The terminological meaning of the word ‘Mind’ for the Greeks and its equivalents in some Modern Western Languages
    • Characteristics of the ‘Mind’ for Modern Western Theorists
    • The term ‘Love’ in human thought
      • 1. Physical Love
      • 2. Platonic Love
      • 3. Sufi Love
    • Conclusion
    • References
    • Appendix
  • 9. Linguistic inferiority in software localization
    • Introduction
    • 1. Technical issues of software localization
    • 2. Linguistic issues
    • Conclusion
    • References
  • 10. Covering linguistic variability in Arabic
    • 1. Introduction
    • 2. The first pivotal point: luġa and its cognates
      • 2.1 Dialect
      • 2.2 Language
    • 3. The second pivotal point: The basic dichotomy: fuṣḥā and ʻāmmīya
      • 3.1 Diglossia
      • 3.2 The 19th century
    • 4. Contemporary terminology
      • 4.1 Recent developments
    • 5. Conclusion
    • The Muqtaṭaf corpus (in order of appearance)
    • Other references
  • List of contributors
  • Index

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