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Archaeopress archaeology.
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Аннотация
A comprehensive study of Maltese pottery forms from key stratified deposits spanning the 1st century BC to mid-4th century AD. Ceramic material is analysed and quantified in a bid to understand Maltese pottery production during the Roman period, and trace the type and volume of ceramic-borne goods that were circulating the central Mediterranean.
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Оглавление
- Cover
- Title Page
- Copyright page
- Contents Page
- Foreword
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- Past ceramic research
- Methodology
- Quantification
- Chronology
- Classification criteria
- Figure 1: Location map of Malta and sites mentioned in text.
- Figure 2: (top) Aerial view of south-east Malta indicating the location of the Bulebel site and other sites in the area (source: Google Earth); (bottom) Plan of the Bulebel quarry site (adapted from Pace et al. 2012, fig. 6).
- Figure 3: Stratigraphic matrix for the Bulebel excavation.
- Figure 4: a) Aerial view of Rabat, Gozo, indicating the location of the Foreman Street site and key surrounding sites (source: Google Earth); b Number (RBH) of predominant local coarse ware types identified at Foreman Street (n=732).
- Figure 5: Plan of the Melita Esplanade trench showing the structures discovered (after Lander 1984, site plan).
- Figure 6: Stratigraphic matrix for the Melita Esplanade excavation.
- Figure 7: West-facing elevation of wall 1040
- Figure 8: Detailed plan of interior floor levels within Structure A
- Figure 9: West-facing section drawing of interior of Structure A
- Figure 10: Section drawings of cistern 1044
- Figure 11: Aerial view of Mdina and Rabat, Malta, indicating the location of other Roman-period remains and finds (source: Google Earth); and (bottom) a plan of the Roman domus and other houses excavated in Rabat, Malta
- Figure 12: (top) Amphorae types (based on RBH); and comparison between count of walls, RBH and combined total for amphora in Phases 1 (bottom left) and 2 (bottom right) at Bulebel (n=309).
- Figure 13: Number of diagnostic amphora types identified at Melita (n=102).
- Figure 14: Comparison between count of walls, RBH and combined total for amphorae in Phases 1 (left) and 2 (right) at Melita (n=61).
- Figure 15: Quantity (based on RBHS) of amphorae from Foreman Street (n=99).
- Figure 16: Quantification of fine wares from the three sites.
- Figure 17: Comparison between count of walls, RBH and combined total for amphorae in Phases 3-5 at Melita (n=174).
- Figure 18: Quantification of cooking wares from the three sites.
- Figure 19: Schematic diagram showing the five main geological layers of the Maltese islands.
- Figure 20: Possible sources and types of inclusions in Maltese pottery fabrics.
- Figure 22: Local Maltese fabrics 1-2.
- Figure 23: Local Maltese fabrics 3-7.
- Figure 24: Local Punic and Roman amphorae (A1-A2).
- Figure 25: Local and imported Punic and early Roman amphorae (A2-A9).
- Figure 26: Imported early Roman amphorae (A9-A10).
- Figure 27: Detail of possible stamp on an imported Lamboglia 2 amphora (A10.2) from Bulebel.
- Figure 28: Imported amphorae (A10-A11).
- Figure 29: Imported amphora (A11).
- Figure 30: Imported east Sicilian amphorae (A12-A13).
- Figure 31: Imported amphorae (A14-A23).
- Figure 32: Miscellaneous imported amphorae (A24).
- Figure 33: Local red-slipped ware (B1-B7).
- Figure 34: Local red-slipped bowl forms (B1 and B4).
- Figure 35: Local red-slipped ware forms (B8-B12).
- Figure 36: Local red-slipped ware forms (B13-B20).
- Figure 37: Local red-slipped and thin-walled ware forms (B21-B27).
- Figure 38: Imported thin-walled ware (B28-B32), black-slipped ware (B33-B35), and Italian terra sigillata (B36).
- Figure 39: Imported red-slipped ware forms (B37-B40).
- Figure 40: Imported red-slipped ware forms (B40-B41).
- Figure 41: Local cooking ware forms (C1-C7).
- Figure 42: Local cooking ware forms (C8-C14).
- Figure 43: Local handmade ware forms (C15-C16).
- Figure 44: Local handmade and painted wares (C16, C19 and D34.1).
- Figure 45: Local handmade ware forms (C16-C17).
- Figure 46: Local handmade ware forms (C18-C19).
- Figure 47: Imported cooking ware forms (C20-C25).
- Figure 48: Imported cooking ware forms (C26-C31).
- Figure 49: Imported cooking ware forms (C31-C33).
- Figure 50: Imported cooking ware forms (C34-C38.
- Figure 51: Imported cooking ware forms (C39-C40).
- Figure 52: Imported cooking ware forms (C40-C45).
- Figure 53: Pantellerian cooking ware forms (C46-C47).
- Figure 54: Pantellerian cooking ware forms (C48-C51).
- Figure 55: Local coarse ware bowls, types D1-D5.
- Figure 56: Local coarse ware bowl forms (D6-D9).
- Figure 57: Local coarse ware bowl forms (D9-D10).
- Figure 58: Local coarse ware bowl forms (D11-D12).
- Figure 59: Local coarse ware bowl forms (D13-D15).
- Figure 60: Local coarse ware bowl forms (D16-D21).
- Figure 61: Local coarse ware bowl (D22) and plate (D23-D26) forms.
- Figure 62: Local coarse ware plate forms (D26-D28).
- Figure 63: Local coarse ware bowl forms (D29-D31).
- Figure 64: Painted coarse ware bowl forms (D32-D34)
- Figure 65: Painted coarse ware plate form D35.
- Figure 66: Coarse ware large bowl forms (D36-D37).
- Figure 67: Coarse ware large bowl forms (D38-D40).
- Figure 68: Coarse ware large bowl forms (D40-D42).
- Figure 69: Coarse ware large bowl forms (D42-D45).
- Figure 70: Coarse ware large bowl forms (D45-D49).
- Figure 71: Large coarse ware bowl (D50) and plate (D51) forms.
- Figure 72: Coarse ware mortar base (D52).
- Figure 73: Miscellaneous large open coarse ware vessels (D53).
- Figure 74: Coarse ware jar forms (D54-D55).
- Figure 75: Coarse ware jug and jar forms (D55-D57).
- Figure 76: Coarse ware jug and jar forms (D58-D62).
- Figure 77: Complete examples of jars (types D60 and D61) and a warped bowl possibly belonging to type D11, on exhibit at the National Museum of Archaeology, Gozo.
- Figure 78: Coarse ware jug and flask forms (D63-D67).
- Figure 79: Round-mouth jar (D64) from an underwater context off the coast of Xlendi Bay, Gozo.
- Figure 80: Coarse ware juglet (D66.1) from Bulebel tomb 3.
- Figure 81: Miscellaneous coarse ware jug and flask forms (D67-D69).
- Figure 82: Coarse ware storage jar forms (D70-D71).
- Figure 83: Coarse ware storage jar forms (D72-D74).
- Figure 84: Dolia forms (D75-D79).
- Figure 85: Imported unguentaria (D80).
- Figure 86: Local closed lamp forms (L1-L2).
- Figure 87: Miscellaneous coarse ware forms (M1-M6).
- Figure 1: Location map of Malta and sites mentioned in text.
- Figure 2: (top) Aerial view of south-east Malta indicating the location of the Bulebel site and other sites in the area (source: Google Earth); (bottom) Plan of the Bulebel quarry site (adapted from Pace et al. 2012, fig. 6).
- Figure 3: Stratigraphic matrix for the Bulebel excavation.
- Figure 4: a) Aerial view of Rabat, Gozo, indicating the location of the Foreman Street site and key surrounding sites (source: Google Earth); b Number (RBH) of predominant local coarse ware types identified at Foreman Street (n=732).
- Figure 5: Plan of the Melita Esplanade trench showing the structures discovered (after Lander 1984, site plan).
- Figure 6: Stratigraphic matrix for the Melita Esplanade excavation.
- Figure 7: West-facing elevation of wall 1040
- Figure 8: Detailed plan of interior floor levels within Structure A
- Figure 9: West-facing section drawing of interior of Structure A
- Figure 10: Section drawings of cistern 1044
- Figure 11: Aerial view of Mdina and Rabat, Malta, indicating the location of other Roman-period remains and finds (source: Google Earth); and (bottom) a plan of the Roman domus and other houses excavated in Rabat, Malta
- Figure 12: (top) Amphorae types (based on RBH); and comparison between count of walls, RBH and combined total for amphora in Phases 1 (bottom left) and 2 (bottom right) at Bulebel (n=309).
- Figure 13: Number of diagnostic amphora types identified at Melita (n=102).
- Figure 14: Comparison between count of walls, RBH and combined total for amphorae in Phases 1 (left) and 2 (right) at Melita (n=61).
- Figure 15: Quantity (based on RBHS) of amphorae from Foreman Street (n=99).
- Figure 16: Quantification of fine wares from the three sites.
- Figure 17: Comparison between count of walls, RBH and combined total for amphorae in Phases 3-5 at Melita (n=174).
- Figure 18: Quantification of cooking wares from the three sites.
- Figure 19: Schematic diagram showing the five main geological layers of the Maltese islands.
- Figure 20: Possible sources and types of inclusions in Maltese pottery fabrics.
- Figure 21: The thickest Greensands outcrop, il-Gelmus hill, on Gozo. The outcrop is a short distance from the Foreman Street site.
- Figure 22: Local Maltese fabrics 1-2.
- Figure 23: Local Maltese fabrics 3-7.
- Figure 24: Local Punic and Roman amphorae (A1-A2).
- Figure 25: Local and imported Punic and early Roman amphorae (A2-A9).
- Figure 26: Imported early Roman amphorae (A9-A10).
- Figure 27: Detail of possible stamp on an imported Lamboglia 2 amphora (A10.2) from Bulebel.
- Figure 28: Imported amphorae (A10-A11).
- Figure 29: Imported amphora (A11).
- Figure 30: Imported east Sicilian amphorae (A12-A13).
- Figure 31: Imported amphorae (A14-A23).
- Figure 32: Miscellaneous imported amphorae (A24).
- Figure 33: Local red-slipped ware (B1-B7).
- Figure 34: Local red-slipped bowl forms (B1 and B4).
- Figure 35: Local red-slipped ware forms (B8-B12).
- Figure 36: Local red-slipped ware forms (B13-B20).
- Figure 37: Local red-slipped and thin-walled ware forms (B21-B27).
- Figure 38: Imported thin-walled ware (B28-B32), black-slipped ware (B33-B35), and Italian terra sigillata (B36).
- Figure 39: Imported red-slipped ware forms (B37-B40).
- Figure 40: Imported red-slipped ware forms (B40-B41).
- Figure 41: Local cooking ware forms (C1-C7).
- Figure 42: Local cooking ware forms (C8-C14).
- Figure 43: Local handmade ware forms (C15-C16).
- Figure 44: Local handmade and painted wares (C16, C19 and D34.1).
- Figure 45: Local handmade ware forms (C16-C17).
- Figure 46: Local handmade ware forms (C18-C19).
- Figure 47: Imported cooking ware forms (C20-C25).
- Figure 48: Imported cooking ware forms (C26-C31).
- Figure 49: Imported cooking ware forms (C31-C33).
- Figure 50: Imported cooking ware forms (C34-C38.
- Figure 51: Imported cooking ware forms (C39-C40).
- Figure 52: Imported cooking ware forms (C40-C45).
- Figure 53: Pantellerian cooking ware forms (C46-C47).
- Figure 54: Pantellerian cooking ware forms (C48-C51).
- Figure 55: Local coarse ware bowls, types D1-D5.
- Figure 56: Local coarse ware bowl forms (D6-D9).
- Figure 57: Local coarse ware bowl forms (D9-D10).
- Figure 58: Local coarse ware bowl forms (D11-D12).
- Figure 59: Local coarse ware bowl forms (D13-D15).
- Figure 60: Local coarse ware bowl forms (D16-D21).
- Figure 61: Local coarse ware bowl (D22) and plate (D23-D26) forms.
- Figure 62: Local coarse ware plate forms (D26-D28).
- Figure 63: Local coarse ware bowl forms (D29-D31).
- Figure 64: Painted coarse ware bowl forms (D32-D34)
- Figure 65: Painted coarse ware plate form D35.
- Figure 66: Coarse ware large bowl forms (D36-D37).
- Figure 67: Coarse ware large bowl forms (D38-D40).
- Figure 68: Coarse ware large bowl forms (D40-D42).
- Figure 69: Coarse ware large bowl forms (D42-D45).
- Figure 70: Coarse ware large bowl forms (D45-D49).
- Figure 71: Large coarse ware bowl (D50) and plate (D51) forms.
- Figure 72: Coarse ware mortar base (D52).
- Figure 73: Miscellaneous large open coarse ware vessels (D53).
- Figure 74: Coarse ware jar forms (D54-D55).
- Figure 75: Coarse ware jug and jar forms (D55-D57).
- Figure 76: Coarse ware jug and jar forms (D58-D62).
- Figure 77: Complete examples of jars (types D60 and D61) and a warped bowl possibly belonging to type D11, on exhibit at the National Museum of Archaeology, Gozo.
- Figure 78: Coarse ware jug and flask forms (D63-D67).
- Figure 79: Round-mouth jar (D64) from an underwater context off the coast of Xlendi Bay, Gozo.
- Figure 80: Coarse ware juglet (D66.1) from Bulebel tomb 3.
- Figure 81: Miscellaneous coarse ware jug and flask forms (D67-D69).
- Figure 82: Coarse ware storage jar forms (D70-D71).
- Figure 83: Coarse ware storage jar forms (D72-D74).
- Figure 84: Dolia forms (D75-D79).
- Figure 85: Imported unguentaria (D80).
- Figure 86: Local closed lamp forms (L1-L2).
- Figure 87: Miscellaneous coarse ware forms (M1-M6).
- LCW=Local coarse ware; ICW=Imported coarse ware; Afr.=North African; Camp.=Campanian; Imp.=Imported; Misc.=Miscellaneous; Pun.=Punic.
- Table 1: The chronological divisions of assemblages used for the analysis in this study.
- The sites and their assemblages
- Bulebel, Malta (compiled together with N. Cutajar)
- The pottery assemblage from Bulebel
- Foreman Street, Rabat, Gozo (compiled together with N. Cutajar)
- The pottery assemblage from Foreman Street, Gozo
- Melita Esplanade, Rabat, Malta (compiled together with D. Cardona)
- Stratigraphic report for Melita Esplanade
- The pottery from the Melita Esplanade
- Bulebel, Malta (compiled together with N. Cutajar)
- Table 2: Number and percentage (RBHS) of imported and local pottery; and the proportion of imported versus local pottery from the Q3 assemblage at Bulebel (n=2408).
- Table 3: Amphorae types from Bulebel.
- Table 4: Number and percentage (RBHS) of imported and local pottery; and the proportion of imported versus local pottery from Foreman Street (n=3621).
- Local Maltese potteries
- Table 5: Number and percentage (RBHS) of imported and local pottery; and the proportion of imported versus local pottery from Museum Esplanade, Rabat, Malta (n=1461).
- Table 6: Amphorae types from the Melita Esplanade.
- Chronology and a discussion of the import trends
- Early Roman period
- Mid-Roman period
- Later Roman period
- General conclusion
- Local Maltese fabrics
- Geology of the Maltese Islands
- A Classification of Maltese fabrics
- Local Fabric 1
- Local Fabric 2
- Local Fabric 3
- Local Fabric 4
- Local Fabric 5
- Local Fabric 6
- Local Fabric 7
- Catalogue of pottery
- Catalogue structure
- Amphorae (A1-A24)
- Punic-period amphora forms (A1)
- Roman-period amphora forms (A2-A4)
- Imported amphorae (A5-A24)
- Fine wares (B1-B41)
- Local fine wares (B1-B27)
- Local red-slipped wares (B1-B22)
- Local Thin-walled wares (B23-B27)
- Imported Fine wares (B28-B42)
- Cooking wares (C1-C51)
- Local Cooking wares (C1-C20)
- Local ollae (C1-C7)
- Imported Cooking wares (C20-C27)
- Coarse wares (D1-D80)
- Local Coarse wares (D1-D80)
- Lamps (L1-L2)
- Miscellaneous vessels (M1-M6)
- Catalogue structure
- Table 7: Number of ARS fragments from the three assemblages (RBHS).
- Appendix 1: Catalogue entry concordance
- Appendix 2: Pottery quantification
- References
- Back cover
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