FinUniversity Electronic Library

Details

	Card	Table	RUSMARC

Handbook of pest management in organic farming / edited by Vincenzo Vacante and Serge Kreiter. — 1 online resource : illustrations — <URL:http://elib.fa.ru/ebsco/2415913.pdf>.

Record create date: 5/22/2017

Subject: Agricultural pests — Control.; Organic farming.; Ennemis des cultures — Lutte contre.; Agriculture biologique.; Agricultural pests — Control.; Organic farming.

Collections: EBSCO

Allowed Actions: –

Action 'Read' will be available if you login or access site from another network Action 'Download' will be available if you login or access site from another network

Group: Anonymous

Network: Internet

Annotation

An up-to-date, comprehensive reference for pest management in organic systems, including practical advice, tables and diagrams. Introductory chapters explore the management of crops to prevent outbreaks, plant protection tools, natural enemies and pest control. Crop-based chapters discuss geographic distribution, economic importance and key pests.

Document access rights

	Network		User group		Action
	Finuniversity Local Network		All
	Internet		Readers
	Internet		Anonymous

Handbook of Pest Management in Organic Farming
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Preface
- References
Acknowledgements
1: Management of Crops to Prevent Pest Outbreaks
- Introduction
- Standards for Organic and IPM Production: Similarities and Differences
  - Organic farming
  - IPM
- Conceptual Model for Pest Management in Organic Farming
- Nature Conservation Measures: the Basis for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
  - Integrating biodiversity conservation into production systems
  - Influence of landscape complexity and farming system
- Influence of Organic Farming Practices on Abundance of Pest Insects and their Antagonists
  - Crop rotation
  - Fertilization
  - Tillage and soil cultivation
  - Host plant resistance/cultivar choice
  - Other agronomic measures
- Habitat Management at Field Level
  - Intercropping and cover cropping
  - Push–pull strategy
  - Conservation biological control
- Case Study: Development of Conservation Biological Control for Swiss Cabbage Production
- Direct Control Measures
  - Biological control
  - Physical pest control
  - Natural insecticides
- Outlook and Conclusions
- Acknowledgements
- References
2: Plant Protection Tools in Organic Farming
- Introduction
- The Different Categories of Plant Protection Products Allowed in Organic Farming
- Products Based on Microorganisms
  - Viruses
  - Fungi
  - Bacteria
  - Protozoa
- Products Based on Plant Extracts
  - Pyrethrins
  - Azadirachtin
  - Other plant extracts
- Products Based on Pheromones
  - Mating disruption
  - Mass trapping and attract and kill
- Beneficial Organisms
- Products Based on Substances from Traditional Use in Organic Farming
  - Copper
  - Sulfur
  - Lime sulfur (calcium polysulfide)
  - Paraffin oils (dormant oils and narrow-range summer oils)
  - Fatty acid potassium soap (soft soap)
  - Ethylene
  - Quartz sand
  - Repellents by smell of animal or plant origin/sheep fat
- Other Substances
  - Ferric phosphate
  - Beeswax
  - Lecithin
  - Potassium hydrogen carbonate (aka potassium bicarbonate)
  - Diatomaceous earth
- References
3: Natural Enemies and Pest Control
- Introduction
- Natural Enemies and Biological Control
- Implementation of Biological Control
- Factors Affecting the Use of Biological Control
- World Spread of Biological Control
- Biological Control and Organic Farming
- Conclusions
- References
4: Pest Control in Organic Citrus Groves
- Introduction
- I Diptera
  - I-1 Tephritidae
    - Species and their distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
- II Lepidoptera
  - II-1 Gracillariidae
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
  - II-2 Yponomeutidae
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
  - II-3 Pyralidae
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
  - II-4 Tortricidae
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Biological control
  - II-5 Papilionidae
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
- III Hemiptera
  - III-1 Pentatomidae-Tessaratomidae
    - Species and their distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
  - III-2 Cicadellidae
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
  - III-3 Psylloidea
  - III-3-1 Liviidae
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
  - III-3-2 Triozidae
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
  - III-4 Superfamily: Coccoidea
  - III-4-1 Diaspididae
    - Species and their distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
  - III-4-2 Coccidae
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
  - III-4-3 Pseudococcidae
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
  - III-4-4 Margarodidae Monophlebidae
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
  - III-5 Aphididae
    - Species and their distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
  - III-6 Aleyrodidae
    - Major species and their distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
- IV Thysanoptera
  - IV-1 Thripidae
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
- V Coleoptera
  - V-1 Cerambicidae
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
- VI Acari
  - VI-1 Tetranychidae
    - Species and their distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
  - VI-2 Eriophyidae
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
  - VI-3 Tenuipalpidae
    - Species and their distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
  - VI-4 Tarsonemidae
    - Distribution
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
- VII Hymenoptera
  - VII-1 Formicidae
    - Organic controls
- VIII Orthoptera
  - VIII-1 Acrididae
    - Bio-ecology
    - Damage
    - Organic controls
- Conclusion and Perspectives
- References
5: Pest Management in Organic Apple, Pear and Stone Fruit
- Introduction
- Influence of Cultivar and Rootstock Choice on Pest Control
- Influence of Cultivation Techniques on Pest Control
- Conservation Biocontrol: Influence of Landscape and Orchard Design
- Direct Control of Pest Insects
- Future Prospects and Research Needs
- Acknowledgements
- References
6: Organic Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Fruit Crops
- Introduction
- First Phase
  - Crop rotation
  - Sanitation
    - Banana
    - Papaya
    - Avocado
    - Mango
  - Cropping systems and crop management
    - Banana
    - Papaya
    - Avocado and mango
  - Soil management
    - Banana
    - Avocado
    - Papaya
  - Non-transgenic plant resistance
    - Avocado
    - Mango
    - Papaya
    - Banana
  - Farm/field location
    - Mango
    - Banana
  - Pruning
    - Avocado
  - Physical control
    - Papaya
    - Mango
    - Banana
- Second Phase
  - Vegetation management
    - Papaya
- Third Phase
  - Biological control agents
    - Avocado
    - Mango
    - Papaya
    - Banana
- Fourth Phase
  - Biological and botanical insecticides
    - Avocado
    - Mango
    - Banana
  - Mineral insecticides
  - Mating disruption
    - Avocado
    - Mango
- Conclusions
- References
7: Pest Management in Organic Grape Production
- Introduction
- The More Important Pests of Grapes
- The Grape Moths
  - The two European grape berry moths, Eudemis or Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) and Cochylis or Eupoecilia ambiguella (Hübner)
    - Diagnosis and biology
    - Distribution
    - Economic importance
  - The American grape berry moth, Paralobesia viteana (Clemens)
    - Diagnosis and biology
    - Distribution
    - Economic importance
  - The Australian grape berry moth or light brown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker)
    - Diagnosis and biology
    - Distribution
    - Economic importance
  - The small grape moths – Argyrotaenia spp.
    - Diagnosis and biology
    - Distribution
    - Economic importance
  - The omnivorous leafroller, Platynota stultana Walsingham
    - Diagnosis and biology
    - Distribution
    - Economic importance
  - The grape tortricid, Sparganothis pilleriana (Denis & Schiffermüller)
    - Diagnosis and biology
    - Distribution
    - Economic importance
  - The grape root borer, Vitacea polistiformis (Harris)
    - Diagnosis and biology
    - Distribution
    - Economic importance
- The Grape Hemiptera Leaf- and Planthoppers
  - The grape mealybugs and soft scales
    - The grape mealybugs
    - The grapevine soft scales
- Other Insects
  - The fig longicorn borer Acalolepta vastator (Newman)
    - Diagnosis and biology
    - Distribution
    - Economic importance
  - The grape rootworms Fidia viticida (Walsh) and Fidia longipes (Melsheimer)
    - Diagnosis and biology
    - Distribution
    - Economic importance
  - The grass grub beetle, Costelytra zealandica (White)
    - Diagnosis and biology
    - Distribution
    - Economic importance
  - The Japanese beetle, Popilia japonica Newman
    - Diagnosis and biology
    - Distribution
    - Economic importance
  - The drosophila or vinegar flies, Drosophila melanogaster Meigen and Drosophila suzukii Matsumura
    - Diagnosis and biology
    - Distribution
    - Economic importance
- The Grape Mites
  - The erineum mite, Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher)
    - Diagnosis and biology
    - Distribution
    - Economic importance
  - The grape-leaf rust mite, Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa)
    - Diagnosis and biology
    - Distribution
    - Economic importance
  - The flat mites, Brevipalpus chilensis Baker and Tenuipalpus granati Sayed
    - Diagnosis and biology
    - Distribution
    - Economic importance
  - Mites of the genus Tetranychus
    - Tetranychus urticae
    - Tetranychus pacificus
    - The McDaniel mite, T. mcdanieli
  - Mites of the genus Panonychus
  - Mites of the genus Eotetranychus
    - The yellow spider mite, Eotetranychus carpini (Oudemans)
    - Willamette spider mite, Eotetranychus willamettei McGregor
- The Grape Nematodes
  - Root knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp.
  - Dagger nematodes, Xiphinema spp.
  - Lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp.
- Strategies, Means and Tools in Organic Production
- Concrete Management Strategies in Grape Organic Production
  - Management of grape berry moths
    - Monitoring
    - Cultural methods
    - Pesticide sprayings
    - Biological control
    - Mating disruption
  - Management of the grape root borer
    - Monitoring
    - Cultural methods
    - Biological control
    - Mating disruption and massive trapping
  - Management of leafhoppers
    - Monitoring
    - Cultural methods
    - Pesticide sprayings
    - Biological control
  - Management of grape mealybugs and soft scales
    - Monitoring
    - Cultural methods
    - Pesticide sprayings
    - Biological control
    - Mating disruption
  - Managing other insects
    - The fig longicorn borer
    - The rootworms Fidia spp.
    - The grass grub beetle
    - The Japanese beetle
    - The drosophilid flies
  - Managing grape mites
    - Cultural methods
    - Pesticide sprayings
    - Biological control
  - Managing grape nematodes
    - Monitoring
    - Cultural methods
    - Pesticide sprayings
    - Biological control
- New Trends for the Future
  - General
  - Grape berry moths
  - Leafhoppers
  - Mealybugs
    - Pesticides
    - Biological controls
    - Monitoring and control decisions
    - Mating disruption
    - Ant controls
    - Mealybugs as vectors
  - Mites
    - Pesticides
    - Biological controls
    - Cultural controls
- Conclusions
- References
8: Pest Management in Organic Olive
- Introduction
- Major Pests
  - Olive fruit fly
  - Olive moth
  - Black scale
- Minor Pests
  - Olive thrips
  - Meadow froghopper
  - Olive psyllids
  - Cerococcid scale
  - Viburnum cushion scale
  - Filippia follicularis
  - Armoured scales
  - Leopard moth
  - Small olive leafminer
  - Jasmine moth
  - Olive pyralid moth
  - Olive weevil
  - Rhodocyrtus cribripennis
  - Olive bark beetle
  - Olive borer
  - Olive fruit midge
  - Olive leaf gall midge
  - Olive bark midge
- Pest Control in Organic Oliviculture
  - Preventative measures and cultural control
  - Biological control
  - Microbiological control
  - Behaviour modifying chemicals
  - Chemical control
- Conclusions
- References
9: Control of Pests in Soybean in Organic Farming
- Soybean Origins
- World Production of Soybean
- General Consideration on Crop Protection in Organic Farming
- Pests in Soybean
  - Leaf defoliation
    - Species of the family Chrysomelidae
    - Species of the family Curculionidae
    - Species of the family Scarabaeidae
    - Species of the families Noctuidae and Erebidae (super-family Noctuoidea)
    - Species of the family Nymphalidae
    - Species of the family Arctiidae
    - Species of grasshoppers, families Acrididae and Gryllidae
  - Insects that feed on seeds and pods
    - Species of the family Pentatomidae
    - Species of the family Alydidae
    - Species of the family Cecidomyidae
    - Species of the family Pyralidae
    - Species of the family Tortricidae
  - Leaf discoloration
    - Species of the family Miridae
    - Species of the family Cicadellidae
    - Species of the family Aphididae
    - Species of the family Thripidae
    - Species of the family Aleyrodidae
    - Species of the family Plataspidae
    - Species of the family Membracidae
    - Species of the mite families Tetranychidae and Tarsonemidae
  - Stem borers
    - Species of the family Cerambycidae
  - Seed development and germination
    - Species of the family Anthomyiidae
  - Leaf miners
    - Species of the family Chrysomelidae
    - Species of the family Agromyzidae
    - Species of the family Gelechidae
  - Root feeders
    - Species of the family Scarabaeidae
    - Species of the family Cydnidae
- References
10: Pest Management in Organic Chestnut
- Introduction
- Major Pest Species and their Control in Organic Production
  - Curculio elephas (Gyllenhall) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (chestnut weevil)
    - Description
    - Life cycle
    - Damage
    - Distribution and host plants
    - Management
  - Cydia splendana (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Totricidae) (chestnut tortrix)
    - Description
    - Life cycle
    - Damage
    - Distribution and host plants
    - Management
  - Cossus cossus (L.) (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) (goat moth)
    - Description
    - Life cycle
    - Damage
    - Distribution and host plants
    - Management
  - Synanthedon vespiformis (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) (yellow-legged clearwing)
    - Description
    - Life cycle
    - Damage
    - Distribution and host plants
    - Management
  - Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) (chestnut gall wasp)
    - Description
    - Life cycle
    - Damage
    - Distribution and host plants
    - Management
- References
11: Pest Management in Organic Hazelnut Growing
- Introduction
- Economically Important Hazelnut Pests
  - Phytoptus avellanae Nal. (Trombidiformes: Phytoptidae) (hazelnut big bud mite, filbert bud mite)
    - Description
    - Life cycle and damage
    - Distribution
    - Hosts
    - Management
  - Cecidophyopsis vermiformis (Nal.) (Acari: Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae) (hazelnut big bud mite, filbert bud mite)
    - Description
    - Life cycle and damage
    - Distribution
    - Hosts
    - Management
  - Curculio nucum (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (hazelnut weevil)
    - Description
    - Life cycle and damage
    - Distribution
    - Hosts
    - Management
  - Anoplus roboris Suffr. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (hazelnut leaf holer)
    - Description
    - Life cycle and damage
    - Distribution
    - Hosts
    - Management
  - Xyleborus dispar (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) (European shot-hole borer, ambrosia beetle)
    - Description
    - Life cycle and damage
    - Distribution
    - Hosts
    - Management
  - Obera linearis (L.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (longhorn beetle, twig borer)
    - Description
    - Life cycle and damage
    - Distribution
    - Hosts
    - Management
  - Agelastica alni (L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (alder leaf beetle)
    - Description
    - Life cycle and damage
    - Distribution
    - Hosts
    - Management
  - Melolontha melolontha (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (cockchafer, May bug)
    - Description
    - Life cycle and damage
    - Distribution
    - Hosts
    - Management
  - Palomena prasina (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) (green stink bug, green shield bug)
    - Description
    - Life cycle and damage
    - Distribution
    - Hosts
    - Management
  - Myzocallis coryli (Goeze) (Homoptera: Aphididae) (filbert aphid, European hazelnut aphid)
    - Description
    - Life cycle and damage
    - Distribution
    - Hosts
    - Management
  - Parthenolecanium corni (Bouche) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) (brown scale, European fruit scale, European fruit lecanium scale)
    - Description
    - Life history and damage
    - Distribution
    - Hosts
    - Management
  - Lepidosaphes ulmi (L.) (Homoptera: Diaspididae) (mussel scale, oystershell scale)
    - Description
    - Life cycle and damage
    - Distribution
    - Hosts
    - Management
  - Gypsonoma dealbana (Frölich) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (twig borer)
    - Description
    - Life cycle and damage
    - Distribution
    - Hosts
    - Management
  - Cydia latiferreana (Walsingham) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (filbertworm)
    - Description
    - Life cycle and damage
    - Distribution
    - Hosts
    - Management
  - Archips rosana (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (European leafroller, hazelnut-filbert leafroller, rose leafroller)
    - Description
    - Life cycle and damage
    - Distribution
    - Hosts
    - Management
  - Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) (gypsy moth)
    - Description
    - Life cycle and damage
    - Distribution
    - Hosts
    - Management
  - Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) (fall webworm)
    - Description
    - Life history and damage
    - Distribution
    - Hosts
    - Management
  - Mikomya coryli (Kieffer) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) (hazelnut gall midge)
  - Description
    - Life cycle and damage
    - Distribution
    - Hosts
    - Management
- Acknowledgement
- References
12: Pest Management in Organic Almond
- Introduction
- Major Pests
  - Monosteira unicostata (Mulsant & Rey) (Hemiptera: Tingididae) (poplar lace bug)
    - Description
    - Life cycle
    - Damage
    - Distribution and host plants
    - Management for organic farming
  - Capnodis carbonaria (Klug) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) (almond borer)
    - Description
    - Life cycle
    - Damage
    - Distribution and host plants
    - Management for organic farming
  - Cerambyx dux (Faldermann) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (longhorn beetle)
    - Description
    - Life cycle
    - Damage
    - Distribution and host plants
    - Management for organic farming
  - Anarsia lineatella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (peach twig borer moth)
    - Description
    - Life cycle
    - Damage
    - Distribution and host plants
    - Management for organic farming
  - Tropinota (= Epicometis) hirta (Poda) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (flower chafers)
    - Description
    - Life cycle
    - Damage
    - Distribution and host plants
    - Management for organic farming
  - Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Zell.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (carob moth)
    - Description
    - Life cycle
    - Damage
    - Distribution and host plants
    - Management for organic farming
  - Amyelois transitella (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) (navel orangeworm)
    - Description
    - Life cycle
    - Damage
    - Distribution and host plants
    - Management for organic farming
  - Quadraspidiotus perniciosus (Comstock) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) (San Jose scale)
    - Description
    - Damage
    - Distribution and host plants
    - Management for organic farming
  - Cimbex quadrimaculata (Müller) (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae) (almond sawfly)
    - Description
    - Life cycle
    - Damage
    - Distribution and host plants
    - Management for organic farming
  - Eurytoma amygdali Enderlein (Hymenoptera: Eurotomidae) (almond fruit wasp)
    - Description
    - Life cycle
    - Damage
    - Distribution and host plants
    - Management for organic farming
  - Web-spinning spider mites
    - Description
    - Life cycle
    - Damage
    - Distribution and hosts plants
    - Pest monitoring
    - Management for organic farming
- Secondary Pests
  - Ants
    - Description
    - Damage
    - Distribution and host plants
    - Pest monitoring
    - Management for organic farming
  - Brachycaudus amygdalinus (Schouteden) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (short-tailed almond aphid)
    - Description
    - Life cycle
    - Damage
    - Distribution and host plants
    - Management for organic farming
  - Anthonomus amygdali Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (almond weevil)
    - Description
    - Life cycle
    - Damage
    - Distribution and host plants
    - Management for organic farming
  - Other pests
  - Other mites in the almond orchard
    - Description
    - Life cycle
    - Damage
    - Sampling and management
- References
13: Pest Management in Organic Rice: Latin America and the Caribbean
- Introduction
- Pest Management
- Major Rice Pests in LAC
  - Tagosodes orizicolus (Müir) and Tagosodes cubanus (Crawford) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) (sogata) and rice hoja blanca virus
  - Lissorhoptrus spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (rice water weevil)
  - Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
  - Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (fall armyworm)
- Secondary Pests
  - Hydrellia wirthi Korytkowski (Diptera: Ephydridae) (rice leaf miner)
  - Leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
- The Way Forward
- References
14: Wheat Production in Organic Farming
- Introduction
- Do Insect Pests Need to be Controlled in Organic Wheat?
- Approaches to Pest Management in Organic Wheat
  - Habitat diversity and conservation biological control
  - Cropping systems
    - Management diversity
    - Host plant resistance and genetic diversity
  - Direct methods
- Conclusions and Perspectives
- References
15: Pest Management in Organic Vegetable Greenhouses
- Introduction
- Greenhouses: General Features and Microclimate
  - General features
  - Microclimate
- The List of Pests
- Major Pests
  - Nematodes
    - Anguinidae
    - Heteroderidae
    - Aphelenchoididae
  - Acari
    - Tetranychidae
    - Eriophyidae
    - Tarsonemidae
  - Insecta
    - Thripidae
    - Aleyrodidae
    - Aphididae
    - Agromyzidae
    - Gelechiidae
    - Noctuidae
- Minor Pests
  - Grillidae
  - Gryllotalpidae
  - Pentatomidae
  - Sciaridae
  - Crambidae
  - Tortricidae
  - Coccinellidae
  - Crysomelidae
  - Curculionidae
- Conclusions
- References
16: Pests and Natural Enemies in Organic Field Vegetables in Tropical and Subtropical Areas
- Introduction
- Major Pests
  - Acari
    - Eriophyidae
    - Tarsonemidae
    - Tetranychidae
  - Insecta, Thysanoptera
    - Thripidae
  - Insecta, Hemiptera
    - Aleyrodidae
    - Aphididae
    - Coreidae
    - Dinidoridae
    - Jassidae
    - Lygaeidae
    - Pentatomidae
    - Crambidae
    - Gelechiidae
    - Gracillariidae
    - Noctuidae
    - Nolidae
    - Pieridae
    - Plutellidae
    - Pyralidae
  - Insecta, Coleoptera
    - Chrysomelidae
    - Coccinellidae
    - Cucurlionidae
    - Meloidae
    - Scarabeidae
  - Diptera
    - Agromyzidae
    - Tephritidae
- Means of Controlling Pests in Organic Production
- New Trends for the Future
- Conclusions
- References
17: Pest Management in Organic Field Vegetables in Temperate Areas
- Introduction
- Preventative Measures
- Direct Pest Control
- Allium Crops
  - Allium leaf miner
  - Onion maggot
  - Leek moth
  - Onion thrips and western flower thrips
- Brassica Vegetables
  - Cabbage maggot
  - Flea beetles
  - Lepidopteran species
  - Aphids
  - Thrips tabaci
  - Swede midge
  - Cabbage whitefly
- Carrots and other Apiaceae
  - Carrot rust fly
  - Carrot psyllid
  - Other sucking pests
- Cucurbits
  - Aphids
  - Cucumber beetles
  - Squash bug
  - Seedcorn maggot
- Legumes
  - Seedcorn maggot
  - Pea and bean weevil
  - Pea moth
  - Pea aphid
  - Black bean aphid
  - Pea weevil
- Lettuce
  - Aphids
  - Lepidopteran pests
- Polyphagous Pest Insects of Different Crops
  - Crane flies
  - Wireworms
  - Cutworm
  - Noctuids
  - Polyphagous aphids
- Conclusions
- References
- Appendix
18: Pest Management in an Organic Tea Plantation
- Introduction
- Principles of Pest Control in Organic Tea
- Pests and their Damage in Tea
  - Sap-sucking pests
  - Leaf-eating pests
    - Lepidoptera
    - Coleoptera
  - Wood-boring pests
  - Underground pests
- Control Methods for Tea Pests
  - Cultural control
    - Agroecological environment
    - Host plant resistance
    - Pruning and picking
  - Physical control
    - Lamp traps
    - Artificial capture
    - Coloured sticky plates
    - Sex pheromone traps
  - Biological control
    - Protection and utilization of natural enemy resources
    - Release of pathogenic microorganisms
    - Application of botanical and mineral pesticides
- Conclusion
- References
19: Insect Pests of Coffee and their Management in Nature-friendly Production Systems
- Introduction
- Coffee Pests
  - Stem borers and branch borers
  - Berry-feeding insects
  - Insects that feed on buds, leaves, green shoots and flowers
  - Root- and collar-feeding insects
- Considerations for Pest Management in Coffee Plantations
  - Disruption of natural balance between pests and natural enemies
  - Complex interactions among organisms
  - Shade as a tool in pest management
  - Other cultural control methods
  - Pest-resistant varieties
  - Biological control
  - Insect trapping
  - Botanical insecticides
- Acknowledgements
- References
20: Pest Management in Organic Cacao
- Introduction
  - General information on cacao
  - General considerations of organic cocoa production
  - Cacao pest management, organic by default
- Pests of Cacao
  - Major pests
    - Cocoa mirids
    - Cocoa pod borer
    - Mealybugs as vectors of CSSV
  - Secondary pests
    - Cocoa mirids of secondary importance
    - The shield bug Bathycoelia thalassina
    - The cocoa borer Steirastoma breve
    - The cocoa fruit borer Carmenta theobromae
    - The cocoa weevil Pantorhytes spp.
    - The cocoa stem borer Eulophonotus myrmeleon
  - Minor pests of cacao
- Pest Management Practices Compatible with Organic cocoa Production
  - Preventive solutions
    - Planting resistant cacao varieties
    - Cacao maintenance
    - Plant association
  - Biological control
    - Parasitoids
    - Generalist predators
  - Pesticides
    - Bacterial and fungal preparations
    - Botanical pesticides
  - Mechanical control
    - Physical barriers
    - Hand picking and physical destruction of pests
  - Semiochemical control
- The Future of Biological Control of Pests on Cacao
  - Collective management strategies to be thought of in time and space
  - Plant diversification as the main lever of agroecology
  - Farmer knowledge as a cornerstone of agroecology
  - Cacao certification: a solution for organic pest management?
- References
21: Integrated Pest Management of Cassava Crops in South-east Asia
- Introduction
- The Cassava Pest Complex
  - The mealybug complex
  - Mites
  - Whiteflies
  - Secondary pests
- Guidelines for Non-Chemical Pest Management
  - Mealybugs
  - Mites
  - Whiteflies
- Discussion and Conclusion
- Acknowledgements
- References
Index

Usage statistics

Access count: 0
Last 30 days: 0
Detailed usage statistics