This book provides information on agri-entrepreneurship from various authors' work in conflict areas (particularly Mindanao in the Philippines), transitional economies and poor countries. The book begins with a comparison of general entrepreneurs with agri-entrepreneurs. The next chapters discuss at some length how entrepreneurial skills training programmes require adjustments and modifications based on local knowledge, culture, the natural environment, and human-induced events due to unpredictable circumstances. In most examples presented, the experiences have been with a youth audience. Farmer innovation behaviour and technology transfer are also addressed, among others. The book has 12 chapters and a subject index.

• Enabling Agri-entrepreneurship and Innovation: Empirical Evidence and Solutions for Conflict Regions and Transitioning Economies
• Copyright
• Contents
• Contributors
• Preface
• 1: Agri-entrepreneurs and Their Characteristics
  • 1.1 Introduction
  • 1.2 Market Conditions and Challenges for Agri-entrepreneurs
  • 1.3 Micro, Small and Medium-size Enterprises and Entrepreneurship
  • 1.4 Generic Entrepreneurship
  • 1.5 Entrepreneurship: Social Equity for Out-of-School Youth and Females
  • 1.6 Entrepreneurial Networks
  • 1.7 Entrepreneurship and Innovation
  • 1.8 Agri-entrepreneurs
  • 1.9 Challenges to Agri-entrepreneurship
  • 1.10 Motivations for Agribusiness Start-ups
  • 1.11 Value-added Agribusiness
  • 1.12 Characteristics of Successful Agri-entrepreneurs
  • 1.13 Obstacles to Positive Agri-entrepreneurship Characteristics
  • 1.14 Conclusion
  • References
• 2: Comparing Agri-entrepreneurs in Non-conflict Regions versus Conflict and Transitional Economies
  • 2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Non-conflict Zones
    • 2.2.1 Agriculture and agribusiness in developed countries
    • 2.2.2 Agri-entrepreneurs in developed countries
  • 2.3 Conflict Zones
    • 2.3.1 Agriculture and agribusiness in conflict zones
    • 2.3.2 Agri-entrepreneurs in conflict zones
  • 2.4 Transitional Economies
    • 2.4.1 Agriculture and agribusiness in transitional economies
    • 2.4.2 Agri-food sector development and importance
    • 2.4.3 Agri-entrepreneurship and gender in Albania
  • 2.5 Comparing Agri-entrepreneurs: Non-conflict Zones, Conflict Zones, and Transitional Economies
  • References
• 3: Agri-entrepreneurship Enabling Program Design in Conflict Regions for Youth Development: Best Practices and Lessons Learned
  • 3.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Theories Supporting Positive Youth Development and Entrepreneurship Education
  • 3.3 Methods for Designing and Implementingan Entrepreneurship Program
  • 3.4 Example of Positive Youth Developmentand Agri-entrepreneurship Education: UPLOAD JOBS for Mindanao
    • 3.4.1 Background for study region
  • 3.5 Utilizing a Conceptual Framework to Describe the UPLOAD JOBS for Mindanao Project
    • 3.5.1 Design of UPLOAD JOBS for Mindanao
    • 3.5.2 Plan for program
      • Understand regional training needs
      • Course design
      • Recruit trainers
      • Continue program evaluation and make necessary modifications
    • 3.5.3 Implement
    • 3.5.4 Impact
  • 3.6 Best Practices and Lessons Learned
    • 3.6.1 Best practices
    • 3.6.2 Challenges and barriers
  • 3.7 Conclusions and Implications
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
• 4: A Capabilities Approach to Designing Agri-entrepreneurship Training Programs for Conflict-affected Regions: The Case of Central Mindanao, Philippines
  • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.1.1 The capabilities approach
    • 4.1.2 Entrepreneurship typologies and training program outcomes
  • 4.2 The Capabilities Framework Tailored for Agri-entrepreneurial Development in Conflict-affected Regions
  • 4.3 Transforming from Capital to Capabilities: Overcoming Conflict Region Barriers
    • 4.3.1 Pervasive insecurity
    • 4.3.2 Unpredictable schedules
    • 4.3.3 Corruption
    • 4.3.4 Human capital
    • 4.3.5 Social capital
    • 4.3.6 Financial capital
  • 4.4 Transforming from Capabilities to Functionings: Navigating Values and Agency in Conflict Regions
    • 4.4.1 Safety
    • 4.4.2 Group membership
    • 4.4.3 Short-term investments
  • 4.5 Development of Agri-entrepreneurship Training Program for Out-of-school Youth in Rural Mindanao, Philippines: A Case Study of the CapabilityApproach
    • 4.5.1 Central Mindanao: a conflict region
    • 4.5.2 Agriculture and entrepreneurship in Mindanao
    • 4.5.3 Training program design for out-of-school youth in Mindanao
    • 4.5.4 Lessons learned: practical experience and forward-looking steps to address barriers to transformation in conflict areas
  • 4.6 Defining Program Success
  • 4.7 Conclusions
  • 4.8 Acknowledgments
  • Notes
  • References
• 5: Measuring Youth Entrepreneurship Attributes: The Case of an Out-of-school Youth Training Program in Mindanao, Philippines
  • 5.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 Defining the Potential Entrepreneur
  • 5.3 Attributes of Potential Entrepreneurs
    • 5.3.1 Entrepreneurship characteristics
    • 5.3.2 Personality traits
  • 5.4 Study Aims and Significance
  • 5.5 Case Study Area: Mindanao, Philippines
    • 5.5.1 Out-of-school youth (OSY)
  • 5.6 Methods
    • 5.6.1 Measuring OSY entrepreneurship characteristics
    • 5.6.2 Measuring OSY personality traits
    • 5.6.3 Adapting a survey tool for OSY potential entrepreneurs
    • 5.6.4 Data collection: administering the adapted survey tool
    • 5.6.5 Modifying the adapted survey tool
  • 5.7 Results and Discussion
  • 5.8 Conclusion
  • References
• 6: Coping Strategies for Youth Entrepreneurs in Conflict Areas
  • 6.1 Introduction
    • 6.1.1 Economic challenges faced by entrepreneurs in conflict regions
    • 6.1.2 Unemployed youth and youth entrepreneurs in conflict regions
  • 6.2 Youth Coping Strategies in Conflict Regions
    • 6.2.1 Risk-reducing strategies and conflict avoidance
    • 6.2.2 Benefiting from conflict
    • 6.2.3 Coping through household and social networks
  • 6.3 Case Study Introduction
  • 6.4 Methodology
    • 6.4.1 Qualitative (household) survey methodology
  • 6.5 Results
    • 6.5.1 Participant demographics and profiles
    • 6.5.2 Employment profile and wages
    • 6.5.3 Living in a conflict region
    • 6.5.4 Doing business in a conflict region
    • 6.5.5 Conflict avoidance
    • 6.5.6 Financial support from family and social network
  • 6.6 Conclusion
  • References
• 7: Allowing Entrepreneurs to Save Profits is Important to Motivation, Sustainability, and Resilience: Can All Cultures Support This?
  • 7.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Getting to Know Cultural Frameworks
  • 7.3 Entrepreneurs Must Profit from Their Efforts
  • 7.4 The Money Mechanics of a Culture
  • 7.5 Profit and Revenue Sharing with Others
  • 7.6 Using Monetary Assets Until They Are All Gone
  • 7.7 Sex and Relative Power Matter to Savings
  • 7.8 Entrepreneurial Development and Success in Conflict Zones
  • 7.9 The Critical Value of Savings to Business Success
  • 7.10 Actionable Ideas for Improvement of the Entrepreneur Class
  • 7.11 Summary
  • References
• 8: Assessing Gender Gaps in Information Delivery for Better Farming Decisions: The Case of Albania
  • 8.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Approach
  • 8.3 Main Constraints Facing Rural Women Empowerment in Albania
  • 8.4 Access to Extension and Farm Advisory Services by Gender
    • 8.4.1 Assessment of past and current extension service
    • 8.4.2 Capacity-building needs for extension specialists and implications on gender
  • 8.5 Main Findings and Recommendations
    • 8.5.1 Policy
    • 8.5.2 Stakeholder engagement
    • 8.5.3 Partnership
    • 8.5.4 Employment
    • 8.5.5 Programming
    • 8.5.6 Mode of delivery
    • 8.5.7 Donor aid projects
  • References
• 9: Is Marketing Intelligence Necessary in Conflict and Transitional Region Markets?
  • 9.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Importance of Marketing Intelligence to Entrepreneurs
  • 9.3 Marketing Intelligence: Generic Entrepreneurs and Agri-entrepreneurs
  • 9.4 Developed versus Developing Countries
  • 9.5 Marketing Intelligence Networks
  • 9.6 Lack of Marketing Intelligence in Conflict Regions
  • References
• 10: Urban Consumer Preferences for Food in Post‑conflict Economies: The Case of Kosovo
  • 10.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Kosovo Background and Economy
  • 10.3 Objective and Approach
    • 10.3.1 Literature and secondary data review
    • 10.3.2 Expert interviews
    • 10.3.3 Consumer focus groups
    • 10.3.4 Consumer survey
    • 10.3.5 Round-table discussion
    • 10.3.6 Workshop
  • 10.4 Study Findings
    • 10.4.1 Key findings from the value-chain actors surveys
    • 10.4.2 Consumer survey results on the main challenges and opportunities ofthe food industry
  • 10.4 Study Findings
    • 10.4.1 Key findings from the value-chain actors surveys
    • 10.4.3 Survey results on consumer food-related lifestyle
  • 10.5 Conclusions and Recommendations
  • Acknowledgment
  • References
• 11: Characterizing Farmer Innovation Behavior for Agricultural Technologies in Transitional Areas Facing Environmental Change
  • 11.1 Introduction
  • 11.2 Binomial Logit Model to Determine Constraints to Adoption
    • 11.2.1 Relevance of variables
      • Age
      • Gender
      • Education
      • Trust
      • Income
      • Farmsize
      • Labor
      • Foodsecurity
      • Information
      • Experience
      • Enviroconcern
      • Landtenure
  • 11.3 Social Network Analysis
  • 11.4 Discussion
    • 11.4.1 Logit model analysis
      • Farmer characteristics leading to adoption of CA
      • Resource/economic characteristics leading to CA adoption
    • 11.4.2 Numbers of ties and nature of stakeholders in hedgerow information networks
    • 11.4.3 Comparing network measures of hedgerow information network with general agricultural information network
  • 11.5 Conclusion
  • Acknowledgments
  • References
• 12: Understanding Conservation Agriculture Adopter’s Information Network to Promote Innovation and Agricultural Entrepreneurship: The Case of Tribal Farmers in the Hill Region of Nepal
  • 12.1 Introduction
  • 12.2 Methodology
    • 12.2.1 Study sites
      • Demography
      • Chepang: people in transition
      • Household economy and income
    • 12.2.2 Social network analysis
      • Key informant interview
    • 12.2.3 Social network analysis
    • 12.2.4 General linear model
      • Specification of dependent variables
      • Explanatory variables
      • Distribution of respondents by personal characteristics
  • 12.3 Findings
    • 12.3.1 Status of adoption of agricultural innovations and entrepreneurial activities in study villages
    • 12.3.2 Agricultural information networks of adopter versus non-adopter farmers
      • Centralities of information networks of adopter versus non-adopter farmers
      • Farmers’ position in the information network and adoption of agricultural innovations and entrepreneurial activities
      • Influence of network centralities on farmers’ adoption of value-added and rural enterprises
  • 12.4 Discussion and Implications
    • 12.4.1 Adoption of agricultural innovations and entrepreneurial activities by farmers
    • 12.4.2 Nature of adopter and non-adopter farmers
  • 12.5 Conclusion
  • References
• Index