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The physiology of vegetable crops / edited by H. C. Wien, Hartmut Stützel. — [2]. — 1 online resource — <URL:http://elib.fa.ru/ebsco/2463695.pdf>.

Record create date: 7/29/2019

Subject: Vegetables — Physiology.; Vegetables — Physiology.

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"Completely updated and revised, this bestselling book continues to explain the growth and developmental processes involved in the formation of vegetables. Since the publication of the successful first edition significant discoveries, particularly in the area of molecular biology, have deepened and broadened our knowledge and understanding of these processes. This new edition brings the topic up-to-date and is presented over two sections: the first provides general knowledge on germination, transplanting, flowering, the effects of stress and modelling, whilst the second section details the physiology of specific crops or crop groups. The second edition of The Physiology of Vegetable Crops: · contains two new chapters looking at stress effects on vegetable crops with a particular emphasis on climate change and models of vegetable growth and development · is fully updated to reflect recent discoveries and the advent of new production techniques such as growing in artificial environments · provides enhanced understanding of the growth and function of more than 21 vegetable crops · is heavily illustrated and published in full colour throughout With contributions from renowned international experts, this is an essential resource for horticultural researchers and extension educators and consultants, as well as a reference for students and professors in vegetable production, plant breeding, entomology and plant pathology"--.

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The Physiology of Vegetable Crops
Copyright
Contents
Contributors
Preface
1 Seed Storage, Germination, Quality, and Enhancements
- Composition and Water Status in Seeds
- Storage: Moisture Content and Temperature
- Species Differences in Storability
- Germination and Seedling Growth
  - Seed and seedling morphology
  - Water
  - Oxygen
  - Mobilization of reserves
- Seed Quality
  - Whole plant responses
  - Physiological aspects
- Sowing Environment
  - Water stress
  - Temperature stress
  - Physical impedance
- Seed Enhancements
  - Hydration treatments
  - Coating technologies
- Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
- References
2 Transplanting
- Transplant Quality
- Factors Regulating Growthin Containers
  - Container cell size
  - Transplant age
  - Irrigation management
    - Water quality
    - Water availability in transplants
    - Irrigation scheduling
    - Irrigation methods
- Control of Transplant Size
  - Plant growth regulators
  - Manipulating water and nutrition
  - Light quality
- Grafted Transplants
- Storage and Transport of Transplants
- Field Conditions
  - Transplant shock
  - PGR conditioning for drought and heat stress
  - Irrigation and N conditioning
  - Transplant conditioning for chilling stress
- Concluding Remarks and Prospects
- Acknowledgements
- References
3 Regulation of Flowering in Crop Plants
- Arabidopsis
  - Florigen
  - Vernalization
  - Photoperiod pathway
  - Ambient temperature
  - Flowering control in other brassicaceae
- Tomato
- Wheat and Barley
  - Vernalization
  - Long days
- Maize
  - Other vegetable crops
- Outlook
  - Speed breeding
  - Ectopic FT expression to accelerate flowering
  - Effects of climate change on phenology
- References
4 Abiotic Stress Effects on Vegetable Crops
- General Stress Effects
- Temperature Effects
  - High temperatures
  - Low temperatures
- Moisture Effects
  - Lack of moisture
  - Flooding
- Salt Stress
- Concluding Remarks
- References
5 Models of Vegetable Growth and Development
- Vegetable Systems and Models
- Mathematical Models of Crop Development
- Mathematical Models of Crop Growth
  - Empirical crop models
  - Mechanistic crop models
    - Light interception and light use efficiency
    - Photosynthesis
    - Stomatal control
    - Dry matter partitioning
    - Nutrient dynamics
  - Modeling spatial aspects of plant growth
    - Root growth and architecture
  - Genomic models
  - Modeling produce quality
- Conclusion and Outlook
- References
6 Correlative Growth in Vegetable Plants
- Whole Plant Interactions
- Control of Branch Growth
- Root-Shoot Relations in the Vegetative Stage
- Root-Shoot Relations in the Reproductive Stage
- Interactions Between Vegetative and Reproductive Parts
  - Interactions among reproductive parts
- Concluding Remarks
- References
7 Tomato
- Introduction
  - History and botany
  - Global tomato industry
  - Model plant species
- Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
  - Genetics of the modern tomato
  - Increased exploitation of genetic diversity:roots to fruits
  - Tomato biotechnology
- Developmental Processes
  - Seed germination
  - Stem and leaf development
  - Flower differentiation and flowering
  - Fruit development and ripening
- Vegetative Growth
  - Leaf photosynthesis
  - Light use efficiency
  - Carbohydrate partitioning
  - Source:sink ratio
- Reproductive Growth
  - Fruit set
  - Cell expansion and endoreduplication
  - Fruit growth
  - Different fruit size: genotype, temperature, and competition
- Fruit Quality Components
  - Fruit size and shape
  - Fruit texture
  - Dry matter, sugar and organic acid content
  - Color and pigments
  - Aroma volatiles
  - Vitamin C and polyphenols
- Plant and Fruit Quality Disorders
  - Blossom-end rot (BER)
  - Fruit cracking
  - Oedema (intumescence injury)
- Environmental and cultural factors affecting growth and productivity
  - Light
  - CO 2
  - Temperature
    - Optimal temperature
    - Non-optimal temperatures
    - Day and night temperature
    - Chilling injury
  - Humidity
  - Salinity
  - Other factors
- Summary
- References
8 Peppers
- Seed Germination
- Vegetative Growth
- Induction of Flowering
- Flower Development and Fruit Set
- Fruit Growth and Maturation
- Factors Determining Productivity
  - Reproductive growth and partitioning
  - Environmental conditions for yield production
    - Temperature
    - Irradiance
    - Carbon dioxide
    - Water
  - Ontogeny of yield
    - Field-grown plants
    - Glasshouse and nethouse pepper
    - Seed yield
- Physiological Disorders
  - Flower bud and flower abscission
    - Causal factors
    - Mechanism of abscission
    - Control methods
  - Sunscald
  - Blossom-end rot
- Other Fruit Disorders
  - Abnormal fruit shape
  - Color spotting
  - Heat pale spots
  - Fruit cracking
- Concluding Remarks
- References
9 Potato1
- History
- Nutritional Value and Importance
- Botany
- Potato Growth, Development,and Culture
- Sprouting and Shoot Growth
- Pattern of Stolon Formation
- Tuberization Process
  - Methods of studying tuberization
  - Tuberization stimulus and biochemical changes
  - Assimilate level
  - Hormones
    - Gibberellins
    - Cytokinins
    - Auxin
    - Abscisic acid
    - Ethylene
    - Other hormones
  - Application of plant growth regulators
  - Anatomical and morphological changes
  - Physiological age of the mother tuber
- Growth Rates of Individual Tubers – Tuber Bulking
  - Biomass production and partitioning to developing tubers (tuber bulking)
- Dry Matter Content of Tubers
- Environmental Factors Affecting Tuber Bulking and Yield
- Light
  - Irradiance level
  - Temperature
  - Mineral nutrition
    - Nitrogen
    - Phosphorus
    - Potassium, sulfur, and calcium
- Carbohydrate Metabolism in Potato Tubers
  - Starch synthesis in developing tubers
  - Starch degradation during sprouting and storage
- Physiological Tuber Disorders
  - Sugar end defect
  - Internal brown spot
  - Brown center and hollow heart
  - Secondary growth
- Flowering and Seed Production
- Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
- References
10 The Cucurbits
- General Introduction, Evolution, Taxonomy
- Germination and Seedling Growth
- Flower Differentiation
  - Environmental effects on sex expression
  - Effects of growth hormones on sex expression
- Flowering and Fruit Set
  - Flowering time
  - Pollination
  - Pollen germination and pollen growth
  - Fruit set and parthenocarpy
  - Fruit development
  - Fruit dominance, competition and abortion
- Factors Affecting Productivity
  - Physiological disorders
    - Flower gender imbalance
    - Sudden wilt of melons
    - Hollow heart of watermelon
    - Bitter fruit in summer squash
- Concluding Remarks
- References
11 Phaseolus Beans 1
- Germination and Seedling Emergence
- Vegetative Growth
  - Growth of leaves and biomass
  - Growth habit
- Reproductive Growth
  - Induction of flowering
  - Pollination and pod growth
- Factors Limiting Growth and Yield
  - Light
  - Temperature
  - Water
  - Soil nutrients and nitrogen fixation
    - Nutrient requirements
    - Adaptation to low phosphorus availability in soil
    - Adaptation to acid soils
    - Symbiotic nitrogen fixation
- Harvest Prediction
  - Time to harvest
  - Crop phenology and yield
  - Seed development and storage compounds
- Biofortified Beans
- Acknowledgments
- References
12 Peas
- Pea Physiological Genetics
- Seed Anatomy and Germination
- Vegetative Growth
  - Early growth
  - Photosynthesis: chloroplast biogenesis
  - Stem growth
  - Shoot branching
  - Leaf development
  - Nitrogen fixation
- Flower Formation
  - Phenology of flowering
  - The genetic control of flowering
  - Floral meristem identity
- Pod and Seed Development
  - Photoassimilate partitioning to seeds
  - Desiccation and maturity
- Plant Senescence
- Factors Affecting Productivity
  - Leaf morphologies
  - Climatic requirements
  - Water and soil
  - Mineral nutrition
- Physiological Disorders
  - Water congestion
  - Hollow heart
  - Blonde peas
  - Bleached peas
  - Pea Types
  - Dry peas
  - Marrowfat peas
  - Edible-podded types
  - Freezer pea types
  - Canned peas
  - Austrian winter peas
- Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgments
- References
13 Sweet Corn
- Economics
- Nutritional Quality
- Factors Determining Sweet Corn Quality
  - Endosperm development
  - Endosperm starch accumulation and storage
  - Endosperm mutants in sweet corn
    - Sugary1 (su1)
    - Shrunken2 (sh2) and brittle2 (bt2)
    - Sugary enhancer1 (se1)
    - Brittle1 (bt1)
  - Combining endosperm mutants
- Other Quality Factors
  - Aroma and tenderness
  - Kernel Color
- Endosperm Mutants and Germination in Sweet Corn
- Growing High-Sugar Sweet Corn Seed
- Harvesting and Conditioning High-Sugar Sweet Corn Seed
- Anatomy and Development
- Environmental Factors Affecting Growth, Development, and Quality
  - Light
  - Temperature
  - Water and nutrients
- Summary
- References
14 Lettuce
- Seed Germination
  - Seed priming
  - Seed pelleting
- Head formation
- Factors Determining Productivity
  - Light
  - Temperature
  - Predicting maturity
  - Lettuce factories
- Flower Induction
  - Photoperiod and temperature effects
- Vernalization
  - Genetic and hormonal factors in lettuce flowering
- Seed Production
- Physiological Disorders
  - Tipburn
  - Brown rib
- Concluding Remarks
- Acknowledgements
- References
15A Cauliflower, Broccoli, Cabbage, and Brussels Sprouts
- Juvenile Period
- Curd and Head Development in Cauliflower and Broccoli
  - Curd and head morphology
  - Environmental factors in curd and head induction
- Cultivar Differences
  - Hormonal effects
- Flower Induction in Cabbage and Brussels Sprouts
- Cabbage Head and Brussels Sprout Bud Formation
- Factors Determining Productivity
  - Cauliflower
    - Variation in curd maturity
    - Continuity of production
    - Predicting maturity
  - Broccoli
    - Predicting maturity
  - Cabbage
  - Brussels sprouts
- Physiological Disorders
  - Blindness
  - Hollow stem of broccoli and cauliflower
  - Tipburn and related calcium deficiency disorders
  - Buttoning of cauliflower and broccoli
  - Cauliflower curd disorders
  - Broccoli head disorders
- Concluding Remarks
- References
15B Glucosinolates in Brassica
- The Function of Glucosinolates and Their Breakdown Products in Humans and Plants
- Genetic Factors Influencing Glucosinolates in Brassica Vegetables
- Environmental Factors Affecting Glucosinolates in Brassica Vegetables
- Agronomic Factors Affecting Glucosinolates in Brassica Vegetables and Applications in Agriculture
- Conclusion
- References
16 The Root Vegetables: Beet, Carrot, Parsnip, and Turnip
- Introduction to the Crops
  - Beet
  - Parsnip
  - Carrot
  - Turnip
- Uniqueness of the Storage Root
- Function and Evolution of Storage Roots
- Important Secondary Metabolites
  - Carotenoids
  - Betalains
  - Anthocyanins
  - Glucosinolates
  - Geosmin
  - Furanocoumarins
- Flowering
- Carbohydrate Storage
- Conclusions and Opportunities
- References
17 Allium Crops 1
- Introduction
- Centers of Origin and Evolution
- Seedling Development
- Bulbing Physiology
  - Physiological age and bulbing
  - Environmental and growth regulators control of bulbing
  - Effect of plant growth regulators on bulbing
  - Photothermal response models for the rate of bulbing
  - Agronomic implications
  - Plant factors influencing bulb yields
  - Bulb maturation, dormancy, rest, and sprouting
  - Effect of plant growth regulators on storage
    - Reproductive development
  - Temperature effects
  - Genetic control and molecular biology
  - Male sterility
  - Fertilization and seed development
  - Seed storage
- Physiological Disorders
  - Incomplete bulbing: thick-necking/bull necks
  - Premature bulbing
  - Splitting/doubling
  - Bolting
  - Inflorescence suppression
  - Watery scales
  - Garlic waxy breakdown
  - Garlic rough bulbs and spherical cloves
- Concluding Remarks
- References
18 Asparagus
- Asparagus Plant
  - Shoot growth
  - Buds and spears
    - Fern
  - Root growth
- Asparagus Physiology
  - Photosynthesis
  - Carbohydrate production
- Crop Productivity
  - Temperature
  - Moisture
  - Nutrition
  - Harvest duration
  - Plant growth regulators
  - Genetics
  - Sex differences
- Physiological Disorders
  - Allelopathy
- Concluding Remarks
- References
Index

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