Anatomical guide leverages exceptional dissection images to elucidate the biomechanics of the hand and upper extremity The hand is a unique instrument that executes the commands of the brain and expresses the nuances of the mind. The Grasping Hand: Structural and Functional Anatomy of the Hand and Upper Extremity by Amit Gupta and Makoto Tamai is a state-of-the-art book that details the functions of the hand to feel, receive, gather, collect and hold, as well as the complex role that the whole upper extremity plays in enabling these actions. The anatomical structures intrinsic to these functio.

• The Grasping Hand: Structural and Functional Anatomy of the Hand and Upper Extremity
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• Foreword
• Preface
• Preface
• Contributors
• Section I Prolegomena
  • 1 The Story of Hand Anatomy
• Section II Structural and Functional Fundamentals
  • 2 Structural and Functional Anatomy of the Hand
    • 2.1 Introduction
    • 2.2 Prehension
    • 2.3 Surface Anatomy
    • 2.4 Structure
      • 2.4.1 The Rays of the Hand
      • 2.4.2 The Fixed and Mobile Elements
      • 2.4.3 The Arches of the Hand
      • 2.4.4 The Fibrous Skeleton
    • 2.5 Muscles and Tendons
      • 2.5.1 Extensor Tendons
      • 2.5.2 Flexor Tendons
      • 2.5.3 Interosseous Muscles
      • 2.5.4 Lumbrical Muscles
      • 2.5.5 The Intrinsic Muscles of the Thumb
      • 2.5.6 Hypothenar Muscles
    • 2.6 Movements of the Hand
    • 2.7 Sensation and Proprioception
    • 2.8 Control of Digital Motion
    • 2.9 Grasp
    • 2.10 Conclusion
  • 3 Sense and Proprioception
    • 3.1 Sensations
      • 3.1.1 The Somatosensory Unit
    • 3.2 Biomechanics of Proprioception
  • 4 Joint Senses and Proprioception
    • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.2 Innervation of Joints in the Human Hand
      • 4.2.1 Wrist
      • 4.2.2 Finger Joints
      • 4.2.3 Thumb Trapeziometacarpal Joint
    • 4.3 The Joint Senses and Proprioception
    • 4.4 Conscious Joint Senses
    • 4.5 Unconscious Joint Sense
  • 5 The Hand and the Brain
    • 5.1 Introduction
    • 5.2 Motor System
    • 5.3 Somatosensory System
    • 5.4 Plasticity in the Somatosensory and Motor Systems
  • 6 Structure and Function of Muscles
    • 6.1 Overview
    • 6.2 Muscle Architecture
      • 6.2.1 PCSA and Fiber Length
      • 6.2.2 Mechanics of Joint Motion
    • 6.3 Molecular Anatomy
      • 6.3.1 Active Tension
      • 6.3.2 Passive Tension
  • 7 Ultrastructure of Bones and Joints
    • 7.1 Bone
      • 7.1.1 Subchondral Bone Plate
      • 7.1.2 Corner Zones
      • 7.1.3 Physeal Scar
      • 7.1.4 Trabecular Vault
      • 7.1.5 Pillars
      • 7.1.6 Diaphysis
      • 7.1.7 Capsule
  • 8 The Blood Vessels and Microcirculation
    • 8.1 Vascular Supply to the Hand from the Base to the Fingertips
    • 8.2 Differences between Large, Medium-Sized, and Small Arteries and Veins and the Vascular Network of the Microcirculation
    • 8.3 Outline of Anatomy and Physiology of Microcirculation for Metabolite Exchange
• Section III General Anatomy and Function
  • 9 Nerves of the Upper Extremity
    • 9.1 Supraclavicular Branches of the Brachial Plexus
      • 9.1.1 The Median Nerve
  • 10 The Brachial Plexus
    • 10.1 Introduction
    • 10.2 Neural Anatomy
    • 10.3 Vascular Anatomy
    • 10.4 Lymphatic Anatomy
    • 10.5 Posterior Triangle of the Neck
    • 10.6 Exposure of the Brachial Plexus
    • 10.7 Case Example 1: Adult Injury
    • 10.8 Case Example 2: Obstetrical Injury
  • 11 Vascular Anatomy of the Upper Extremity
    • 11.1 Vascular Anatomy of the Upper Extremity
    • 11.2 Axillary Artery
    • 11.3 Brachial Artery
    • 11.4 Ulnar Artery
    • 11.5 Radial Artery
    • 11.6 Veins of the Upper Extremity
      • 11.6.1 The Superficial Veins of the Upper Extremity
    • 11.7 The Deep Veins of the Upper Extremity
    • 11.8 Lymphatic Vessels of the Upper Extremity
• Section IV Regional Anatomy and Function
  • 12 The Shoulder Joint
    • 12.1 Introduction
      • 12.1.1 Clavicle and Sternoclavicular Joint
    • 12.2 Acromioclavicular Joint
    • 12.3 Glenohumeral Joint
    • 12.4 Glenoid, Labrum, and Capsule
    • 12.5 Rotator Cuff
  • 13 The Anatomy of the Arm
    • 13.1 Humerus
    • 13.2 Cutaneous Innervations of the Arm
    • 13.3 Muscles of the Arm
    • 13.4 Nerves of the Arm
    • 13.5 Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5–C6)
    • 13.6 Median Nerve in the Arm (C6–T1)
    • 13.7 Ulnar Nerve in the Arm (C8–T1)
    • 13.8 Radial Nerve in the Arm (C5–T1)
    • 13.9 Arteries of the Arm
      • 13.9.1 The Brachial Artery
    • 13.10 Superficial Veins of the Arm
    • 13.11 Summary
    • 13.12 Surgical Approaches
    • 13.13 Anterior Approach to the Humerus
    • 13.14 Anterolateral Approach to the Humerus
    • 13.15 Posterior Approaches to the Humerus
    • 13.16 Extended Posterolateral Approach
  • 14 The Elbow Joint
    • 14.1 The Confluent Layered Anatomy of the Elbow
    • 14.2 Articular Anatomy
    • 14.3 Effect of Elbow Joint Morphology on Elbow Alignment
    • 14.4 Structures That Provide for Varus/Valgus Stability
    • 14.5 Structures That Resist Posterolateral Elbow Dislocation
      • 14.5.1 Posteromedial Anatomy
      • 14.5.2 Medial Anatomy
    • 14.6 Deep Medial Anatomy
      • 14.6.1 Anterior Anatomy
    • 14.7 Distal Biceps Tendon
      • 14.7.1 Lateral Anatomy
    • 14.8 Lateral Collateral Ligament Complex
      • 14.8.1 Posterior Anatomy
  • 15 The Forearm Fascia and Retinacula
    • 15.1 General Considerations for Fascia
    • 15.2 The Fascial System of the Forearm
      • 15.2.1 Retinacula System
      • 15.2.2 Lacertus Fibrosus
    • 15.3 Conclusion
  • 16 Anatomy of the Forearm
    • 16.1 Osteology
    • 16.2 Myology
      • 16.2.1 Volar
      • 16.2.2 Dorsal
    • 16.3 Arteries
    • 16.4 Veins
    • 16.5 Nerves
      • 16.5.1 Cutaneous Nerves of the Forearm
      • 16.5.2 Deep Nerves of the Forearm
    • 16.6 Lymphatics
  • 17 The Interosseous Membrane
    • 17.1 Interosseous Membrane Anatomy
    • 17.2 Kinematics
    • 17.3 Biochemistry and Biomechanics
  • 18 The Carpal Tunnel
    • 18.1 Introduction
    • 18.2 Anatomy
    • 18.3 Borders
    • 18.4 Contents
    • 18.5 Surgical Anatomy
  • 19 The Hypothenar Area: Anatomy of the Ulnar Carpal Tunnel
    • 19.1 Anatomy of the Ulnar Carpal Tunnel
      • 19.1.1 Guyon’s Canal
      • 19.1.2 The Pisohamate Tunnel
      • 19.1.3 The Opponens Tunnel
      • 19.1.4 Anatomical Zones of the Ulnar Carpal Tunnel
    • 19.2 Muscle Anatomy
      • 19.2.1 Palmaris Brevis
      • 19.2.2 Abductor Digiti Minimi
      • 19.2.3 Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
      • 19.2.4 Opponens Digiti Minimi
    • 19.3 Nerve Anatomy
      • 19.3.1 The Arborization of the Ulnar Nerve at the Hypothenar Area
      • 19.3.2 The Branching Patterns of the Motor Branch to the ADM
      • 19.3.3 The Deep Branch of the Ulnar Nerve
      • 19.3.4 The Superficial Branch of the Ulnar Nerve
      • 19.3.5 Other Communicating Branches
    • 19.4 Vascular Anatomy
      • 19.4.1 Anatomic Variations of the Ulnar Artery and Its Branches
  • 20 Anatomy of the Wrist Joint
    • 20.1 Bones of the Wrist
      • 20.1.1 Extensor Retinaculum
      • 20.1.2 Flexor Retinaculum
      • 20.1.3 Ligaments of the Wrist
    • 20.2 Extrinsic Ligaments
    • 20.3 Radioscaphocapitate Ligament
    • 20.4 Long Radiolunate Ligament
    • 20.5 Radioscapholunate Ligament
    • 20.6 Short Radiolunate Ligament
    • 20.7 Dorsal Radiocarpal Ligament
    • 20.8 Intrinsic Ligaments
    • 20.9 Dorsal Intercarpal Ligament
    • 20.10 Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament
    • 20.11 Lunotriquetral Interosseous Ligament
    • 20.12 Scaphotriquetral Ligament
    • 20.13 Scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal Ligament
    • 20.14 Soft-Tissue Attachments of the Pisiform
  • 21 Vascularity of the Distal Radius and Carpus
    • 21.1 Introduction
    • 21.2 Vascular Anatomy of the Distal Radius
      • 21.2.1 Extraosseous Vascularity
      • 21.2.2 Intraosseous Vascularity
    • 21.3 Vascular Anatomy of the Carpus
      • 21.3.1 Extraosseous Vascularity
      • 21.3.2 Intraosseous Vascularity
    • 21.4 Vascularized Bone Grafts
  • 22 Interosseous Vascularity of the Carpus
    • 22.1 Introduction
    • 22.2 The Lunate
    • 22.3 Capitate
    • 22.4 Scaphoid
  • 23 Function of the Wrist Joint
    • 23.1 Introduction
    • 23.2 Wrist Kinematics
      • 23.2.1 Flexion–Extension
      • 23.2.2 Radial–Ulnar Deviation
      • 23.2.3 “Dart-Throwing” Motion
    • 23.3 Wrist Kinetics
      • 23.3.1 Magnitude and Distribution of Forces across the Wrist
      • 23.3.2 Primary Ligament Stabilization of the Carpus
      • 23.3.3 Secondary Neuromuscular Stabilization of the Carpus
  • 24 Anatomy of the Distal Radioulnar Joint
    • 24.1 The Distal Radioulnar Joint (The MOBILE DRUJ)
    • 24.2 The Extensor Retinaculum
    • 24.3 The Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC)
    • 24.4 Discussion
  • 25 Function of the Distal Radioulnar Joint
  • 26 Hand Fascia, Retinacula, and Microvacuoles
    • 26.1 Channelling of Structures in Transit Between Forearm and Digits
    • 26.2 Restraint of Unwanted Motion
    • 26.3 Transmission of Loads
    • 26.4 Anchorage
    • 26.5 Binding Role
    • 26.6 Limiting or Tethering Role
    • 26.7 Framework for Muscle Origins and Insertions
    • 26.8 Vascular Protection and Pumping Action
    • 26.9 Lubricating Role
      • 26.9.1 The Microvacuolar System
      • 26.9.2 Flexor Tendon Sheaths
  • 27 Thumb
    • 27.1 Osteology
    • 27.2 Myology
    • 27.3 Arteries
    • 27.4 Veins
    • 27.5 Nerves
  • 28 The Flexor Tendons and the Flexor Sheath
    • 28.1 Flexor Tendons
      • 28.1.1 Flexor Carpi Radialis
      • 28.1.2 Palmaris Longus
      • 28.1.3 Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
      • 28.1.4 Flexor Digitorum Superficialis/Sublimis
      • 28.1.5 Flexor Digitorum Profundus
      • 28.1.6 Flexor Pollicis Longus
    • 28.2 Flexor Sheath
      • 28.2.1 Synovial (Membranous) Component
      • 28.2.2 Retinacular (Pulley) Component
  • 29 The Extensor Tendons
    • 29.1 Introduction
    • 29.2 The Extensors Proximal to the Fingers
      • 29.2.1 Extensor Retinaculum
      • 29.2.2 Extensors of the Wrist
      • 29.2.3 Extensors of the Thumb
      • 29.2.4 Extensors of the Finger Metacarpophalangeal Joints
    • 29.3 Extensors of the Fingers
      • 29.3.1 Extrinsic Extensors of the Fingers and the Retinacular System
      • 29.3.2 Intrinsic Extensors of the Fingers
    • 29.4 Involvement of the Extensors in Control of Flexion of the Finger
    • 29.5 Involvement of the Extensors in Control of Extension of the Finger
    • 29.6 Conclusion
  • 30 The Interossei
    • 30.1 Anatomy and Biomechanics
    • 30.2 Function
    • 30.3 Summary
  • 31 Lumbricals
    • 31.1 Introduction
    • 31.2 Detailed Anatomy
      • 31.2.1 Origin
      • 31.2.2 Insertion
      • 31.2.3 Mechanics
    • 31.3 Nerve Supply
    • 31.4 Function
    • 31.5 Pathologic Manifestations
      • 31.5.1 Extensor Lacerations
      • 31.5.2 Lumbrical Plus
  • 32 Compartments of the Hand
    • 32.1 Introduction
      • 32.1.1 Thenar Compartment
      • 32.1.2 Adductor Compartment
      • 32.1.3 Interossei
      • 32.1.4 Hypothenar Compartment
      • 32.1.5 Carpal Tunnel
      • 32.1.6 Finger
    • 32.2 Compartment Monitoring
    • 32.3 Compartment Release
    • 32.4 Conclusion
  • 33 Hand Spaces
    • 33.1 Introduction
    • 33.2 Perionychium/Pulp Space
    • 33.3 Superficial Spaces
      • 33.3.1 Subcutaneous Dorsal and Palmar Digital Spaces
      • 33.3.2 Superficial Dorsal Hand Spaces
      • 33.3.3 Palmar Subcutaneous Space
      • 33.3.4 Interdigital Web Spaces
    • 33.4 Synovial Spaces
      • 33.4.1 Extensor Tendon Sheaths
      • 33.4.2 Flexor Tendon Sheaths
      • 33.4.3 Radial and Ulnar Bursae
    • 33.5 Deep Potential Spaces
      • 33.5.1 Space of Parona
      • 33.5.2 Thenar Space
      • 33.5.3 Midpalmar Space
      • 33.5.4 Lumbrical Spaces
      • 33.5.5 Hypothenar Space
  • 34 The Carpometacarpal Joints
    • 34.1 Introduction
    • 34.2 Thumb Carpometacarpal Joint
    • 34.3 Second Carpometacarpal Joint
    • 34.4 Third Carpometacarpal Joint
    • 34.5 Fourth Carpometacarpal Joint
    • 34.6 Fifth Carpometacarpal Joint
    • 34.7 Summary
  • 35 The Metacarpophalangeal Joints
    • 35.1 Surface Anatomy of Metacarpophalangeal Joint
      • 35.1.1 Skin and Integument
      • 35.1.2 Osteology
      • 35.1.3 Capsule, Collateral Ligaments, and Volar Plate
      • 35.1.4 Deep Transverse Metacarpal Ligament (Inter Palmar Plate Ligament) and the Metacarpal Transverse Arch
      • 35.1.5 Extensor Apparatus
      • 35.1.6 Flexor Tendons and Pulleys
    • 35.2 Neurovascular Anatomy
    • 35.3 Thumb Metacarpophalangeal Joint Surface Anatomy
      • 35.3.1 Osteology
      • 35.3.2 Capsule and Collateral Ligaments
      • 35.3.3 Volar Plate and Sesamoids
      • 35.3.4 Extensor Apparatus
      • 35.3.5 Flexor Tendons and Pulleys
    • 35.4 Neurovascular Anatomy
  • 36 The Interphalangeal Joint
    • 36.1 Introduction
    • 36.2 Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
      • 36.2.1 Bony Anatomy
      • 36.2.2 Stabilizing Restraints
      • 36.2.3 Vascular and Neurologic Structures
      • 36.2.4 Surface Anatomy
    • 36.3 The Distal Interphalangeal Joint
      • 36.3.1 Bony Anatomy
      • 36.3.2 Synovial Membrane
      • 36.3.3 Stabilizing Restraints
      • 36.3.4 Vascular and Neurologic Structures
      • 36.3.5 Surface Anatomy
    • 36.4 Biomechanics of Digital Motion
    • 36.5 Summary
  • 37 The Nail and Finger Pulp
    • 37.1 Introduction
    • 37.2 Embryology
    • 37.3 Anatomy
      • 37.3.1 Surface Anatomy
      • 37.2.2 Longitudinal and Cross-sections of the Fingertip
      • 37.2.3 Blood Supply to the Fingertip
      • 37.2.4 Nerve Supply
• Section V Epilegomena
  • 38 Imaging and Anatomy
    • 38.1 Introduction
    • 38.2 Imaging Approach to Wrist Pathology
    • 38.3 Anatomical Considerations
• Index