This book analyzes the role of intellectuals as the prime mediators between the forces of tradition and modernity in twentieth century and twenty-first century Iran.

• Cover
• Mapping the Role of Intellectuals in Iranian Modern and Contemporary History
• Mapping the Role of Intellectuals in Iranian Modern and Contemporary History
• Copyright
• Contents
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction
  • Note
• Part I Iranian Intellectuals, Nationalism, and State: From Qajar to Early Pahlavi
• Chapter 1
• Amir Kabir
  • Introduction
  • Historical Context of Iran in the Nineteenth Century
  • An Atypical Path of a Young Self-Taught and Ambitious Politician
  • Three Political Missions Abroad
  • At the Summit of Power
  • Three Years of Reforms
  • First Iranian Institution of Modern Education
  • The Minorities and Repression of Bab’s Movement
  • The Downfall of Mirza Taqi Khan Amir Kabir
  • Amir Kabir’s Heritage
  • Secularization of the Iranian Society
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Chapter 2
• Crafting Iranian National Imaginary
  • Introduction
  • The Idea of Cosmopolitan Nationalism
  • The Iranian Interwar Experience (1919–1934)
  • Iranians in Interwar Berlin
  • The Ruşeni (Barkın) Affairs
  • Arani and the Question of Azerbaijan
  • Cosmopolitanism and Care of the Nation
  • Language against Lived Experience
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Chapter 3
• British Whiggism and the Iranian Enlightenment in the Nineteenth Century
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Part II Iranian Intellectuals: Between Traditional Values and Modern State
• Chapter 4
• Third-Worldist Iranian Intellectuals
  • Shariati and Ale-Ahmad’s Common Background
  • Westtoxication
  • The Role of the Clergy and the Intellectuals
  • Democracy
  • The Anti-Shah Stance of Shariati and Ale-Ahmad
  • Discourse on Authenticity: Ale-Ahmad and Shariati
  • Differences between Ale-Ahmad and Shariati
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Chapter 5
• Sadeq Hedayat
  • Notes
• Chapter 6
• Rethinking the Legacy of Intellectual-Statesmen in Iran
  • Qajar Era
  • Intellectual-Statesmen of the Reza Shah Period
  • Mohammad Reza Shah Period
  • The Ethical Challenge
  • Appendix: Short Biographies of Intellectual-Statesmen
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Part III Women Intellectuals in Pre- and Postrevolutionary Iran
• Chapter 7
• Women’s Rights in Iran’s Experiment with Modernity
  • Introduction
  • Secular Intellectuals and Women’s Rights
  • Agents of Modernity
  • Under the Rule of the Ayatollahs
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Chapter 8
• “And, Here I Am,” Forugh Farrokhzad and Modernity
  • Notes
• Chapter 9
• Simin Daneshvar
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Part IV Iranian Left: From Marxist Intellectualism to Revolutionary Romanticism
• Chapter 10
• The Perplexity of the Iranian Marxist Intellectuals in the 1960s and 1970s
  • Introduction
  • Post-coup Crisis and the Formation of the Development State
  • The Outcomes of the Governmental Reforms and the Perplexity of the New Marxists Intellectuals
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
• Chapter 11
• Intellectual Statesmen and the Making of Iran’s Illiberal Nation-State (1921–1926)
  • Introduction
  • Intellectuals, Liberalism, and Constitutionalism
  • Can Non-Persians and Other Subalterns Speak in Historiography?
  • Conclusion: All of Reza Shah’s Intellectual Statesmen
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Chapter 12
• A Singular Intellectual
  • Becoming a Singular Revolutionary
  • Theoretical Legacy: Against the Leninist Grain
  • On the Ontology of Revolutionary Intellectuals
  • The Underground Scholar
  • Conclusions
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Part V Iranian Religious Thinkers: Intellectuals or Ideologues?
• Chapter 13
• Iranian Islamic Thinkers and Modernity
  • Jamal al-Din Afghani/Assadabadi (1839–1897)
  • Ali Shariati (1933–1977)
  • Ruhullah Khomeini (1902–1988)
  • Morteza Motahhari (1920–1979)
  • Abdulkarim Soroush (1945–)
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Chapter 14
• From Nakhshab to Neo-Shariati
  • Introduction
  • The Neo-Shariati Discourse: Genealogy and Historical Origins
  • Neo-Shariati Discourse: A Progressive Post-Islamist Muslim Left?
  • Conclusions
  • Acknowledgment
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Chapter 15
• The Neo-Mutazilites in Contemporary Iran
  • Introduction
  • The First- and Second-Generation Neo-Mutazilite Theologians
  • The New Thematics among the Iranian Neo-Mutazilites: Religion and Politics, Democracy and Its Compatibility with Islam, the Hermeneutics of the Koran
  • The Ideological Rupture between Neo-Mutazilites and Revolutionary Islamic Intellectuals
  • Distinguishing Features between the First- and Second-Generation Neo-Mutazilites: Gender, Apostasy, Homosexuality, the Right to Be a Nonbeliever
  • Conclusion
  • Notes
  • Bibliography
• Index
• About the Editor
• About the Contributors