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Table of Contents
- Grammatical Change in English World-Wide
- Editorial page
- Title page
- LCC data
- Table of contents
- Introduction
- References
- Part 1. Inner circle Englishes
- Diachronic variation in the grammar of Australian English
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The study of grammatical change in AusE
- 3. Corpora and methodology
- 3.1 The corpora
- 3.2 The methodology
- 4. Morphological variables
- 4.1 Regularisation of irregular past tense and past participle forms
- 4.2 ‘s-genitives
- 5. Morphosyntactic variables
- 5.1 The subjunctive
- 5.1.1 The mandative subjunctive
- 5.1.2 The were-subjunctive in hypothetical conditional and concessive clauses
- 5.2 Concord with collective nouns
- 5.1 The subjunctive
- 6. Syntactic variables
- 6.1 Light verbs
- 6.2 Non-finite complementation with help and prevent
- 6.2.1 Help (NP) (to) V
- 6.2.2 Prevent NP (from) Ving
- 6.3 Do-support (with negation)
- 6.4 Be-passives
- 7. Conclusion
- Acknowledgement
- References
- At the crossroads of change
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The history of English have and the transatlantic divide
- 3. Victoria (British Columbia, Canada) as a sociolinguistic entity
- 4. Data and methods
- 4.1 The British Colonist
- 4.2 Methodology
- 5. Results
- 5.1 Overall trends
- 5.2 A closer look at have got
- 6. Discussion and conclusion
- References
- Do-support in early New Zealand and Australian English
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Background to the study
- 2.1 A brief comparative history of Australian and New Zealand English
- 2.2 Do-support in Late Modern English
- 3. Data and methodology
- 3.1 Corpora of early southern hemisphere English
- 3.2 Definition of the variable and data retrieval
- 4. Findings
- 4.1 Negation
- 4.2 Lexical have
- 5. Conclusion
- References
- Appendix
- Acknowledgements
- The progressive in Irish English
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The corpora
- 3. Progressives
- 3.1 The event or activity progressive
- 3.2 The habitual bounded progressive
- 3.3 The habitual nonbounded progressive
- 3.4 The single-occasion repetitive progressive
- 3.5 The futurate progressive
- 3.6 The mental nonbounded progressive
- 3.7 The mental bounded progressive
- 3.8 The punctual progressive
- 3.9 The agentive stative progressive
- 3.10 The non-agentive stative progressive
- 3.11 The WILL progressive, or the future as matter of course progressive
- 3.12 The modal progressive
- 3.13 The DO progressive
- 3.14 The extended-now progressive
- 3.15 The attitudinal progressive
- 3.16 The interpretive progressive
- 3.17 The generic progressive
- 3.18 The politeness progressive
- 3.19 The resultative progressive
- 3.20 The anaphoric progressive
- 4. Progressive: Comparisons and results
- 4.1 The event or activity progressive: Analysis (§3.1)
- 4.2 The habitual nonbounded progressive: Analysis (§3.3)
- 4.3 The single occasion repetitive progressive: Analysis (§3.4)
- 4.4 The futurate progressive: Analysis (§3.5)
- 4.5 The nonbounded stative progressive: Analysis (§3.6)
- 4.6 WILL be V-ing progressive: Analysis (§3.11)
- 4.7 The modal progressive: Analysis
- 4.7 The extended-now progressive: Analysis (§3.14)
- 4.8 The attitudinal progressive: Analysis (§3.15)
- 5. Conclusion
- References
- Cross-variety diachronic drifts and ephemeral regional contrasts
- 1. Introduction
- 2. BrE vs AmE contrasts are ephemeral: Regional comparison in the Brown family at three diachronic sampling points
- 3. Some core modals are on the decline, but the category remains robust: Diachronic trends in the extended Brown family
- 4. Obsolescence and emergence in a volatile system: The semi-modals in the extended Brown family
- 5. Conclusion: Time trumps region, and genre remains as the most important source of statistical noise.
- References
- Appendix: Tests for statistical significance – log likelihood values
- Passives of so-called ‘ditransitives’ in nineteenth century and present-day Canadian English
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Historical aspects of the passive and of double-participant verbs
- 2.1 Second passives
- 2.2 First passives
- 2.3 Prepositional passives
- 3. The corpora
- 4. Competing types of passives, analysis and theoretical background
- 4.1 Choice of verbs and characterisation of passives investigated
- 4.2 Active-passive relationships with double-participant verbs
- 4.3 Functional analyses of transitive verbs with respect to passivisation
- 4.4 The interplay of passivisation and NP-extraction
- 5. Results
- 5.1 Passives in 19th century versus Present-day CanE
- 5.2 Passives in the Strathy corpus: Using a broader database
- 5.3 The verbs bring and deny
- 6. Analysis of major patterns of passivisation and their restrictions
- 7. Conclusion
- References
- Dual adverbs in Australian English
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Previous corpus-based research on variation in dual adverbs
- 3. Methodology
- 3.1 Data sources for this study
- 3.2 Selection of dual adverbs for this study
- 3.3 Analysis of contexts of discourse and syntax
- 4. Contextual distribution of zero and -ly forms of adverbs in
current AusE
- 4.1 Preliminary analysis: Distribution of dual adverbs in spoken and written discourse
- 4.2 Syntactic contexts of occurrence for dual adverbs in current AusE and their semantics
- 4.2.1 Bad/badly
- 4.2.2 Close/closely
- 4.2.3 High/highly
- 4.2.4 Quick, slow
- 4.3 Summary of 20th century AusE usage of five dual adverbs
- 5. Distribution of dual adverbs in earlier AusE
- 6. Distribution of dual adverbs in 19th and 20th century BrE
- 6.1 Dual adverbs in 19th century BrE narrative and current affairs texts
- 6.2 Dual adverbs in 20th century BrE: Data from ICE-GB
- 7. Conclusion
- References
- The evolution of epistemic marking in West Australian English
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Background
- 2. Data and method
- 2.1 Data
- 2.2 Coding
- 4.2 The grammaticalisation of AusE think: Empirical evidence
- 3.1 Overall distribution
- 4. Discussion and conclusions
- References
- May and might in nineteenth-century Irish English and English English*
- 1. Introduction
- The present perfect and the preterite in Australian English
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Variation and change in the English PP and SP
- 3. Data
- 4. The variable rule analysis
- 5. Discussion and conclusion
- References
- Appendix
- Diachronic variation in the grammar of Australian English
- Part 2. Outer circle Englishes
- Recent diachronic change in the progressive in Philippine English
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The progressive aspect
- 3. Previous studies of the progressive
- 4. The present study
- 5. Regional and stylistic distribution
- 6. Progressive forms
- 6.1 Progressive VPs
- 6.2 Progressive passives
- 7. Special uses
- 7.1 The futurate progressive
- 7.2 The ‘future as a matter-of-course’ progressive
- 7.3 The habitual always progressive
- 7.4 The interpretive progressive
- 8. Contracted forms
- 9. Stative verbs
- 10. Conclusion
- Acknowledgement
- References
- Linguistic change in a multilingual setting
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The quotative system
- 2.1 Quotatives in native-speaker Englishes: A diachronic perspective
- 2.2 Quotatives in native-speaker Englishes: A synchronic view
- 3. Data and methods
- 4. Overall distribution of variants
- 5. Multivariate analyses and diachronic comparisons
- 5.1 Verbs of reporting
- 5.2 Zero quotatives
- 5.3 Verbs of mental activity and perception
- 5.4 Be like
- 5.5 Okay (fine)
- 6. Discussion and conclusion
- References
- Appendix
- Patterns of regularisation in British, American and Indian English
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Irregular regularisation: AmE vs BrE
- 3. IndE
- 3.1 The position of IndE in Schneider’s Dynamic Model
- 3.2 Some examples of (structural) nativisation
- 4. Research questions
- 5. The data
- 5.1 Synchronic data
- 5.2 Diachronic data
- 6. Data analysis
- 6.1 Synchronic data
- 6.1.1 General overview
- 6.1.2 Internal variation
- 6.2 Diachronic data
- 6.2.1 LOB, FLOB, BROWN, and FROWN
- 6.2.2 Kolhapur vs LOB, FLOB, BROWN and FROWN
- 6.2.3 ICE-GB, ICE-USA and ICE-India
- 6.2.4 Kolhapur, ICE-India and GloWbE
- 6.1 Synchronic data
- 7. Accounting for the variation between ed and t forms
- 7.1 Frequency
- 7.2 Salience of change
- 8. Conclusion
- References
- An apparent time study of the progressive in Nigerian English*
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The progressive in English
- 3. Data and methods
- 4. Results
- 4.1 Frequency of the progressive
- 4.2 Frequency of extended uses of the progressive
- 5. General discussion and comparison with other varieties of English
- References
- Appendix
- American influence on written Caribbean English
- 1. Introduction
- 2. The Bahamas and Trinidad and Tobago: Sociohistorical and sociolinguistic background
- 3. Data and method
- 4. Contractions
- 5. The be-passive
- 6. Relative that vs which
- 7. Pseudotitles
- 8. Conclusion
- References
- Cultural keywords in context
- 1. Introduction: Structural nativisation and linguistic acculturation
- 2. South Asian cultures and cultural keywords in South Asian contexts
- 3. Methodology
- 4. Results
- 5. Concluding remarks
- References
- Recent quantitative changes in the use ofmodals and quasi-modals in the Hong Kong,British and American printed press
- 1. Background
- 2. Problem
- 3. Methodology
- 4. Results and discussion
- 4.1 American newspapers
- 4.2 British newspapers
- 4.3 The Hong Kong newspapers
- 5. Summary and conclusion
- References
- The development of an extended time period meaning of the progressive in Black South African English*
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Methodology
- 2.1 Data
- 2.2 Analysis
- 2.3 Framework for the classification of stative progressive meanings
- 3. Results
- 4. Discussion
- References
- Recent diachronic change in the progressive in Philippine English
- List of Index
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